Placeholder Content Image

6 little known facts about The Sound of Music

<p>The Sound of Music, released in 1965, continues to be one of the most beloved family films of all time. In honour of the iconic film, we look behind the scenes to reveal some little known facts about one of our favourite movies.</p> <p><strong>1. Julie Andrews kept falling over during the famous opening mountain scene</strong></p> <p>While Julie Andrews may look graceful twirling atop the mountain in the opening scenes, in reality she kept being knocked over by the draft of the helicopter trying to capture the iconic aerial scene. Andrews said: “the down draft from those jets was so strong that every time… the helicopter circled around me and the down draft just flattened me into the grass. And I mean flattened. It was fine for a couple of takes, but after that you begin to get just a little bit angry… And I really tried. I mean, I braced myself, I thought, ‘It’s not going to get me this time.’ And every single time, I bit the dust.”</p> <p><strong>2. Christopher Plummer hates the movies</strong></p> <p>Fans of Christopher Plummer’s Captain von Trapp will be disappointed to learn that he hated the film so much he called it “The Sound of Mucus”. “Because it was so awful and sentimental and gooey,” he said. “You had to work terribly hard to try and infuse some minuscule bit of humour into it.” To ease his pain, Plummer drank, even on set. He admitted on the DVD commentary that he was drunk when filming the Austrian music festival scene.</p> <p><strong>3. Charmian Carr injured herself during “Sixteen going on seventeen”</strong></p> <p>Charmian Carr, who played Liesl Von Trapp, slipped while leaping from a bench in the gazebo scene. She fell through the glass and injured her ankle. In the scene, she is wearing a bandage on her leg, which is covered by make up.</p> <p><strong>4. Friedrich grew 15 centimetres during the six months of filming  </strong> </p> <p>Nicholas Hammond, who played Friedrich Von Trapp, grew from 1.60 metres to 1.75 metres in the six months of filming. It caused many continuity problems in the movie as Friedrich had to be shorter than Liesl but taller than Louisa. As the beginning of the film, Hammond had lifts in his films but by the end, Carr who played Liesl had to stand on a box.</p> <p><strong>5. Mia Farrow auditioned for the role of Liesl.</strong> </p> <p><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><a href="https://youtu.be/66v7gtwRGdM" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Watch her audition tape here.</a></strong></span></p> <p><strong>6. The film is historically inaccurate</strong></p> <p>The movie is loosely based on the autobiography of Maria von Trapp, The Story of the Trapp Family Singers, but the film took many liberties. For instance, there were 10 von Trapp children, not seven. Maria left the convent to tutor one of the children, not to governess all them. Georg was a kind man, not the stern disciplinarian as depicted the film. Maria and him were married 11 years before the Nazis invaded Austria. And the Von Trapp family didn’t escape from the mountains by crossing over the mountains – that would have led straight to Hitler’s Germany.</p> <p><em>Image credits: Getty Images</em></p>

Movies

Placeholder Content Image

5 sounds you hear on the plane explained

<p>Nervous fliers know just how freaky a sudden noise on the plane can be, but we’ve broken down the most common ones you’ll hear and what they mean so you can travel with ease.</p> <ol> <li><strong>The puff of air at the gate</strong> – it’s usually one of the first unsettling sounds you’ll hear on the plane, but it’s one of the most important – it signals that the ventilation on the plane has been switched on. It’s also why lights can tend to flicker, as the plane is moving from an off-board power source to an onboard system.</li> <li><strong>The “bark” during taxi</strong> – before take-off and landing, it’s normal for the plane to make a sort of “barking” noise. This is just the hydraulics kicking in, ensuring steering, braking and air pressure are all at optimum levels for a safe departure or arrival.</li> <li><strong>The wings “whirring”</strong> – upon take-off and even during flight, you may hear a “whir” coming from the wings. This sound indicates the wingspan is expanding and retracting to help assist take-off and speed maintenance.</li> <li><strong>The “bang” from the belly of the plane</strong> – this noise can be pretty scary as you make your descent into your destination, but it’s completely safe. All it means is the landing gear is being released so you can arrive safely.</li> <li><strong>The brakes “screeching”</strong> – don’t be alarmed by this sound, it’s just the plane’s natural response to landing at the speed of 160 to 240 kph while carrying hundreds of tonnes of cargo and passengers.</li> </ol> <p><em>Image: Getty</em></p> <p> </p>

Travel Tips

Placeholder Content Image

New discovery: really good violins make hidden, subtle sounds

<p>What makes a good violin sound so good? According to new research, <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0014600" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">published</a> in <em>The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America</em>, at least part of the reason is extremely subtle extra notes the best instruments sounds out.</p> <p>When two musical notes are played, listeners can sometimes hear “combination tones”: an additional, subjective note that comes from the way the <a href="https://cosmosmagazine.com/health/body-and-mind/explainer-cochlear-implants-function/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">cochlea</a> processes the two sound waves in the inner ear.</p> <p>Some musical instruments can also make combination tones themselves: called “objective combination tones.” These subtle notes are produced in the instrument, rather than the ear.</p> <p>Not all instruments can make these objective combination tones – but this new research shows the surprising news that violins can.</p> <p>“Up to now, the combination tones generated by the violin were considered too small to be heard, and therefore, of no importance in music,” says study co-author Giovanni Cecchi, of the Università di Firenze, Italy.</p> <p>“Our results change this view by showing that combination tones generated by violins of good quality can be easily heard, affecting the perception of the intervals.”</p> <p>The researchers got a professional violinist to stand in the centre of a musical auditorium and play a series of <em>dyads</em>: two notes played simultaneously.</p> <p>The violinist played dyads on five different violins, all of different ages and qualities, and the researchers recorded the tones.</p> <p>Each violin produced combination tones in all of the dyads. The strongest of these notes was at a slightly lower tone than those of the dyads.</p> <p>Each instrument made the combination tones at different volumes (or amplitude), depending on the instrument’s air resonance.</p> <p>“We found that combination tones were much stronger and clearly audible in good violins,” says Cecchi.</p> <p>“The strongest one was found in an old Italian violin, made in Bologna in 1700 by the famous luthier, Carlo Annibale Tononi.</p> <p>“Combination tones were instead negligibly small in violins of poor quality.”</p> <p>Next, the researchers are investigating more violins to see which part of the instrument causes these objective combination tones.</p> <p><em>Image credits: Getty Images</em></p> <p><em><img id="cosmos-post-tracker" style="opacity: 0; height: 1px!important; width: 1px!important; border: 0!important; position: absolute!important; z-index: -1!important;" src="https://syndication.cosmosmagazine.com/?id=221273&amp;title=New+discovery%3A+really+good+violins+make+hidden%2C+subtle+sounds" width="1" height="1" /></em></p> <div id="contributors"> <p><em>This article was originally published on <a href="https://cosmosmagazine.com/science/combination-tones-violins/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">cosmosmagazine.com</a> and was written by Ellen Phiddian. </em></p> </div>

Music

Placeholder Content Image

Sounds great: Scientists are manipulating dreams to prevent nightmares

<p>It’s  estimated that at any given time, around 4% of adults suffer <a href="https://cosmosmagazine.com/health/one-side-of-your-brain-might-be-giving-you-nightmares/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">chronic nightmares</a> but researchers in Switzerland have a new approach which will be music to the ears of night-terror-sufferers.</p> <p>Basing their study on the relationship between the types of <a href="https://cosmosmagazine.com/science/biology/nightmares-and-night-terrors-in-kids-when-do-they-stop-being-normal/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">emotions experienced in dreams</a> and our emotional well-being, researchers have investigated how to help people by manipulating emotions in their dreams.</p> <p>Traditional methods to help chronic nightmare patients involves ‘imagery rehearsal therapy’, during which they are coached to rehearse the dream scenario during the day and redirect it towards a more positive ending. A <a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11818-021-00320-w" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">2021 study</a> of 28 participants showed 3 in 5 patients benefitted from this approach, however, it doesn’t work for everyone.</p> <div class="newsletter-box"> <div id="wpcf7-f6-p220659-o1" class="wpcf7" dir="ltr" lang="en-US" role="form"> </div> </div> <p>In a <a href="https://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(22)01477-4" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">study from Geneva University</a>, over a two-week period, researchers asked a group of 18 patients to create an association between the positively redirected version of their dream and a sound during an imagination exercise. The patients then wore wireless headbands during night which would play the specific sound during the REM (Rapid Eye Movement) stage of sleep – when <a href="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/nightmare-disorder/symptoms-causes/syc-20353515" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">nightmares typically occur</a>.</p> <p>When compared to 18 patients who undertook only the image rehearsal therapy, those who received the combined rehearsal and sound therapy had fewer nightmares. This trend continued even after three months post-intervention, with those receiving combination therapy also reporting experiencing more positive emotions such as ‘joy’ in their dreams.</p> <p>“We were positively surprised by how well the participants respected and tolerated the study procedures, for example performing imagery rehearsal therapy every day and wearing the sleep headband during the night,” says Lampros Perogamvros, senior author of the study and a psychiatrist at the Sleep Laboratory of the Geneva University Hospitals and the University of Geneva. “We observed a fast decrease of nightmares, together with dreams becoming emotionally more positive. For us, researchers and clinicians, these findings are very promising both for the study of emotional processing during sleep and for the development of new therapies.”</p> <p><img id="cosmos-post-tracker" style="opacity: 0; height: 1px!important; width: 1px!important; border: 0!important; position: absolute!important; z-index: -1!important;" src="https://syndication.cosmosmagazine.com/?id=220659&amp;title=Sounds+great%3A+Scientists+are+manipulating+dreams+to+prevent+nightmares" width="1" height="1" /></p> <div id="contributors"> <p><em><a href="https://cosmosmagazine.com/health/sounds-great-preventing-nightmares/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">This article</a> was originally published on Cosmos Magazine and was written by Clare Kenyon. </em></p> <p><em>Image: Getty Images</em></p> </div>

Mind

Placeholder Content Image

Readers Respond: What is your favourite scene from The Sound of Music?

<p dir="ltr"><em>The hills are alive, with the sound of music</em></p> <p dir="ltr">Admit it, you sang that line because <em>The Sound of Music</em> is obviously one of your favourite movies.</p> <p dir="ltr">We asked the OverSixty audience what their favourite scene is from the classic and for those of you who didn’t answer “all of it”, you are wrong. Sorry, I don’t make the rules. (Just kidding!)</p> <p dir="ltr">Read your responses below:</p> <p dir="ltr">Lorraine Briggs Lane - The kiss in the gazebo.</p> <p dir="ltr">Chris Howie - The dance in the garden where Maria and the Captain dance a beautiful Austrian folk dance. So romantic.</p> <p dir="ltr">Merle Davis - I loved everything but the wedding was beautiful.</p> <p dir="ltr">Jill Harker - When they declare their love! One of my favourite movies!</p> <p dir="ltr">Lorraine Peters - When he signs you are 16 going on 17.</p> <p dir="ltr">Sandra Wilkins - The first 174 minutes. </p> <p dir="ltr">Leonie Cortez - Love it from beginning to end.</p> <p dir="ltr">Sonia Freeth - The kids saying goodnight and heading off to bed. </p> <p dir="ltr">Rita Sammut - The greatest movie. Love every scene.</p> <p dir="ltr">Ellen Taylor - The Captain singing Edelweiss.</p> <p dir="ltr">Share your favourite scene/s <a href="https://www.facebook.com/oversixtyNZ/posts/pfbid02MZeid76sHnJ3XVChh2KMWVLCtwSQoeEfNY1QZqTtnmnMNoxsiMvEp28AitzQREoVl" target="_blank" rel="noopener">here</a>. </p> <p dir="ltr"><em>Image: Getty</em></p>

Movies

Placeholder Content Image

“A night of magic and music”: Julie Andrews enjoys touching ‘Sound of Music’ reunion

<p dir="ltr">Dame Julie Andrews has been awarded one of Hollywood's highest honours - bestowed on one person each year - and had a heart-warming reunion all in the same night.</p> <p dir="ltr">When the acclaimed actress received the American Film Institute's lifetime achievement award in Los Angeles on Thursday, she was surprised with a sweet rendition of 'Do Re Mi' from five of the stars who played the Von Trapp children in <em>The Sound of Music</em>.</p> <p><span id="docs-internal-guid-4c0365a4-7fff-eb66-55da-638e9fb1020f"></span></p> <p dir="ltr">Andrews went on to join Duane Chase (Kurt), Kym Karath (Gretl), Angela Cartwright (Brigitta), Debbie Turner (Marta), and Nicholas Hammond (Friedrich) in their performance which marked the first time the cast had performed together in over six decades.</p> <blockquote class="twitter-tweet"> <p dir="ltr" lang="en">Julie Andrews is surprised by her kids from THE SOUND OF MUSIC and joins them in a sing-a-long of ‘Do-Re-Mi’ to kick off the AFI Life Achievement Award presentation to her — what a beautiful moment! <a href="https://t.co/TZYT7UNPhr">pic.twitter.com/TZYT7UNPhr</a></p> <p>— Scott Feinberg (@ScottFeinberg) <a href="https://twitter.com/ScottFeinberg/status/1535106725946093568?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">June 10, 2022</a></p></blockquote> <p dir="ltr">Only Charmian Carr, who played eldest sister Liesel and passed away in 2016, and Heather Menzies-Urich, who played Louisa and died in 2017, were missing.</p> <p dir="ltr">Prior to receiving her award, Andrews said she was “gobsmacked” to find her career was being honoured in such a way.</p> <p dir="ltr">“I didn’t know or think that it would ever come,” she said on the red carpet.</p> <p dir="ltr">“But it’s just as well, because you can’t go around expecting awards and things like that.”</p> <p dir="ltr"><span id="docs-internal-guid-ca10a206-7fff-1b50-f412-1247ae730fed"></span></p> <p dir="ltr">Fans took to social media to share their delight at Andrews’ award and reunion with her castmates, prompting Karath to share an update on what happened after.</p> <blockquote class="twitter-tweet" data-conversation="none"> <p dir="ltr" lang="en">Signing our SOM Family Scrapbooks together today, and talking about how magical Julie’s AFI Tribute was last night! <a href="https://twitter.com/thesom7?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@thesom7</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/DebbieTurnerDTO?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@DebbieTurnerDTO</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/acstudio?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@acstudio</a> <a href="https://t.co/memxYDOR5V">pic.twitter.com/memxYDOR5V</a></p> <p>— Kym Karath (@KymKarath) <a href="https://twitter.com/KymKarath/status/1535362904928575488?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">June 10, 2022</a></p></blockquote> <p dir="ltr">“Signing our SOM Family Scrapbooks together today, and talking about how magical Julie’s AFI Tribute was last night!” she commented on a video from the performance, sharing a behind-the-scenes look of the five Von Trapps.</p> <p dir="ltr">All five, along with Andrews, also posed for a formal portrait and shared it on social media.</p> <p dir="ltr">“So much fun last night at the 48th AFI Life Achievement Award honouring Julie Andrews,” Cartwright captioned the photo on <a href="https://www.instagram.com/p/CepYeBdFTtc/?igshid=YTgzYjQ4ZTY%3D" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Instagram</a>.</p> <p dir="ltr">“It was great being with my ‘Sound of Music’ siblings once again. A night of magic and music.”</p> <p dir="ltr"><span id="docs-internal-guid-e6277b9a-7fff-3527-d2e4-ec84f8e524f8"></span></p> <p dir="ltr"><em>Image: @angelacartwrightstudio (Instagram)</em></p>

Music

Placeholder Content Image

NASA’s Perseverance rover sends back Mars soundscape playlist

<p>Nearly two years after its <a href="https://cosmosmagazine.com/space/mars-is-the-place-in-space-to-be/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">launch</a>, and almost 18 months after <a href="https://cosmosmagazine.com/science/mars-news-all-good/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">landing on Mars</a>, NASA’s Perseverance rover has hours of audio recordings from the red planet’s atmosphere.</p> <p>So, what does Mars sound like? On the whole, it’s quiet. Very quiet. But the recordings did pick up interesting weather events and changes which give us a better overall picture of Mars’s clime.</p> <p>Perseverance’s primary mission is to explore sediments in a dormant river delta on the edge of the 45 kilometre-wide <a href="https://cosmosmagazine.com/weekly-edition/one-year-mars-perseverance-rover/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Jezero Crater</a>, to learn about the crater’s formation and hopefully find signs of ancient life. But microphones are light and cheap, so it made sense to add a couple to the rover’s instruments.</p> <p>The <a href="https://cosmosmagazine.com/science/engineering/the-bizarre-acoustics-of-mars/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">first audio from Mars</a> was sent by Perseverance earlier this year. Now, a year’s worth of recording from the Martian atmosphere has been condensed into about five hours of sound.</p> <p>The findings are due to be presented by Baptiste Chide of the Los Alamos National Lab during a seminar, “Mars soundscape: Review of the first sounds recorded by the Perseverance microphones,” at the <a href="https://acoustics.org/world-wide-press-room/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">182nd Meeting of the Acoustical Society of America</a> tomorrow, May 25, in Denver  in the US.</p> <p>With no large dynamical natural phenomena, extant animal species (that we know of), industrial civilisation, or extreme weather events, you’d expect Mars to be pretty silent. And it is. Under the same conditions on Earth, sounds are 20 decibels louder than on Mars.</p> <div class="newsletter-box"> <div id="wpcf7-f6-p192195-o1" class="wpcf7" dir="ltr" lang="en-US" role="form"> </div> </div> <p>“It is so quiet that, at some point, we thought the microphone was broken!” says Chide.</p> <p>But, like giving a new music album a second run-through, closer listening revealed some fascinating phenomena. The group heard much variability in the wind and abrupt changes in the atmosphere, see-sawing from calm to intense gusts.</p> <p>The team noticed that the red planet’s soundscape is seasonal. During winter, carbon dioxide freezes in the polar caps. This causes changes in atmospheric density, and environmental volume fluctuates by about 20%. Atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> also causes high-pitched sounds in the distance to become fainter.</p> <p>The rover also used laser sparks to calculate the speed of sound’s dispersion, confirming a theory that high-frequency sounds travel faster than low frequencies.</p> <p>“Mars is the only place in the solar system where that happens in the audible bandwidth because of the unique properties of the carbon dioxide molecule that composes the atmosphere,” notes Chide. While the rover will continue to record audio as it travels across Mars’s surface, Chide believes that the technique could be applied to studies of other celestial bodies. Planets and moons with denser and more volatile atmospheres, such as Venus and Titan, may yield even more information as sound waves interact more strongly and travel further.</p> <p><img id="cosmos-post-tracker" style="opacity: 0; height: 1px!important; width: 1px!important; border: 0!important; position: absolute!important; z-index: -1!important;" src="https://syndication.cosmosmagazine.com/?id=192195&amp;title=NASA%E2%80%99s+Perseverance+rover+sends+back+Mars+soundscape+playlist" width="1" height="1" /></p> <div id="contributors"> <p><em><a href="https://cosmosmagazine.com/space/nasa-perseverance-rover-soundscape/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">This article</a> was originally published on <a href="https://cosmosmagazine.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Cosmos Magazine</a> and was written by <a href="https://cosmosmagazine.com/contributor/evrim-yazgin" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Evrim Yazgin</a>. Evrim Yazgin has a Bachelor of Science majoring in mathematical physics and a Master of Science in physics, both from the University of Melbourne.</em></p> <p><em>Image: NASA</em></p> </div>

Technology

Placeholder Content Image

Fun facts about The Sound of Music

<p dir="ltr"><em>The Sound of Music</em> is that film you can watch over and over again without getting bored.</p> <p dir="ltr">The 1965 American musical drama stands out thanks to its loving cast, the phenomenal soundtrack and storyline.</p> <p dir="ltr">Starring the beloved Julie Andrews and Christopher Plummer, here are five fun facts you did not know about the movie. </p> <ol> <li dir="ltr" aria-level="1"> <p dir="ltr" role="presentation">Julie Andrews almost wasn’t cast as Maria</p> </li> </ol> <p dir="ltr">Richard Rodgers said that Julie Andrews would be perfect for the role of Maria but no one else agreed.</p> <p dir="ltr">It was only after the crew saw Mary Poppins that they noticed how everybody loved her. </p> <ol start="2"> <li dir="ltr" aria-level="1"> <p dir="ltr" role="presentation">Julie Andrews kept falling over on the mountain</p> </li> </ol> <p dir="ltr">The opening scene where Maria is dancing on the mountain saw Julie Andrews fall multiple times thanks to the helicopter hovering above. </p> <p dir="ltr">“This was a jet helicopter,” Andrews said. </p> <p dir="ltr">“And the downdraft from those jets was so strong that every time … the helicopter circled around me and the downdraft just flattened me into the grass. And I mean flattened. It was fine for a couple of takes, but after that you begin to get just a little bit angry… And I really tried. I mean, I braced myself, I thought, ‘It’s not going to get me this time.’ And every single time, I bit the dust.”</p> <ol start="3"> <li dir="ltr" aria-level="1"> <p dir="ltr" role="presentation">Christopher Plummer hated the movie</p> </li> </ol> <p dir="ltr">Our beloved Captain von Trapp hated the film to the point where he actually called it “The Sound of Mucus”.</p> <p dir="ltr">“Because it was so awful and sentimental and gooey,” he said. </p> <p dir="ltr">“You had to work terribly hard to try and infuse some minuscule bit of humor into it.” </p> <p dir="ltr">Because he hated the film so much, Plummer would sit eating and drinking in excess which caused him to gain so much weight. </p> <p dir="ltr">In the DVD commentary, Plummer also confessed that he was in fact drunk during the filming of the music festival. </p> <ol start="4"> <li dir="ltr" aria-level="1"> <p dir="ltr" role="presentation">Young Gretl was traumatised during the boat scene</p> </li> </ol> <p dir="ltr">In the scene where Maria had taken the von Trapp kids out to town and were spotted by the Captain in the boat outside their home traumatised young Gretl.</p> <p dir="ltr">Gretl did not know how to swim and therefore it was agreed that Maria would fall forward when the boat flipped. </p> <p dir="ltr">When the boat flipped, Maria instead fell backwards which saw Gretl struggle and inhale a lot of water. She eventually vomited on the actress that played Louisa. </p> <ol start="5"> <li dir="ltr" aria-level="1"> <p dir="ltr" role="presentation">Friedrich grew 15cm during filming </p> </li> </ol> <p dir="ltr">Nicholas Hammond played Friedrich and grew an incredible 15cm during filming.</p> <p dir="ltr">Because he was supposed to appear shorter than Liesl but taller than Louisa - at the start of the film Hammond had lifts on his shoes and by the end of it they were gone. </p> <p dir="ltr"><em>Image: Pinterest</em></p>

Movies

Placeholder Content Image

Music as medicine – can music and sound be used to treat anxiety?

<div class="copy"> <p class="has-drop-cap"><strong>Music can profoundly affect our mood</strong>. Now that technology has enabled us to set our own personal soundtracks wherever we go, we commonly match our beats to our activities – heavy on the drums while we smash through a workout session, upbeat pop to see us through the dreariest of the household chores, and something smooth and sultry to set the tone of a candlelit dinner.</p> <p>But what if our response to music runs far deeper than we realise? Publishing their <a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0259312" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">findings</a> in <em>PLOS ONE</em>, researchers from Ryerson University, Canada, say that personally tailored music programs could effectively treat the symptoms of anxiety – an affliction that has been steadily growing in adolescent and young adult populations over recent decades.</p> <p>We’re not just talking about putting on your favourite playlist to help soothe your jangled nerves. In this study, researchers used a machine learning algorithm developed by <a href="https://www.thelucidproject.ca/science" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">LUCID</a> to generate a personalised music sequence designed to manipulate an individual’s mental state.</p> <p>The algorithm first matches the current emotional state of the user, then predicts the optimal sequence of tracks – all instrumental compositions or nature sounds – that will most effectively begin to gradually shift the listener’s mental state towards tranquillity.</p> <p>Alongside these <a href="https://cosmosmagazine.com/people/musicians-networked-brains/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">mellowing melodies</a>, the researchers tested the effectiveness of a technique known as auditory beat stimulation (ABS) that uses sound waves to produce tones and beats at highly specific frequencies that trigger changes in <a href="https://cosmosmagazine.com/science/biology/the-buzz-around-brain-stimulation/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">brain activity</a>.</p> <p>In the current study, the researchers randomly assigned participants who were taking anti-anxiety medications to treatments involving LUCID music therapy, ABS, a combination of both, or pink noise – background noises similar to white noise. For each treatment, participants were asked to close their eyes and listen to 24 minutes of their assigned audio program.</p> <p>For participants with moderate anxiety, a combination of both tailored music and ABS most successfully quelled the physical symptoms of anxiety, as well as helping to tone down the damaging thoughts and feelings associated with this unsettled mental state. For those with more severe anxiety, music alone proved to be the most therapeutic.</p> <p>Given the troubling times we find ourselves in, the researchers believe the demonstrated effectiveness of such a simple and easily distributable method of treating anxiety disorders is welcome news.</p> <p>“With the pandemic and remote work, there has been a remarkable uptick in the use of digital health tools to support mental health,” the authors say. “The results of this clinical trial indicate great promise for the use of digital health tools, such as LUCID’s digital music therapy, in the management of anxiety and other mental health conditions.</p> <p>“The findings from this research are exciting as they indicate that personalised music shows great promise in effectively reducing anxiety in specific segments of the population that suffer from anxiety. Hopefully, with additional research, we can help build a solid evidence base which further supports the use of personalised music as an additional tool in the clinician’s toolbox that can be used to help reduce anxiety in the patient population.”</p> <p><em>Image credits: Getty Images</em></p> <p><em><img id="cosmos-post-tracker" style="opacity: 0; height: 1px!important; width: 1px!important; border: 0!important; position: absolute!important; z-index: -1!important;" src="https://syndication.cosmosmagazine.com/?id=184619&amp;title=Music+as+medicine+%E2%80%93+can+music+and+sound+be+used+to+treat+anxiety%3F" width="1" height="1" data-spai-target="src" data-spai-orig="" data-spai-exclude="nocdn" /></em></div> <div id="contributors"> <p><em>This article was originally published on <a href="https://cosmosmagazine.com/health/body-and-mind/music-affect-mental-health/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">cosmosmagazine.com</a> and was written by Jamie Priest. </em></p> </div>

Mind

Placeholder Content Image

Could sound replace pacemakers and insulin pumps?

<p>Imagine a future in which crippling epileptic seizures, faltering hearts and diabetes could all be treated not with scalpels, stitches and syringes, but with sound. Though it may seem the stuff of science fiction, a <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-28205-y" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">new study</a> shows that this has solid real-world potential.</p><p><a href="https://sonogenetics.salk.edu/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sonogenetics</a> – the use of ultrasound to non-invasively manipulate neurons and other cells – is a nascent field of study that remains obscure amongst non-specialists, but if it proves successful it could herald a new era in medicine.</p><p>In the new study published in <em>Nature Communications</em>, researchers from the Salk Institute for Biological Studies in California, US, describe a significant leap forward for the field, documenting their success in engineering mammalian cells to be activated using ultrasound.</p><p>The team say their method, which they used to activate human cells in a dish and brain cells inside living mice, paves the way toward non-invasive versions of deep brain stimulation, pacemakers and insulin pumps.</p><p>“Going wireless is the future for just about everything,” says senior author Dr Sreekanth Chalasani, an associate professor in Salk’s Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory. “We already know that ultrasound is safe, and that it can go through bone, muscle and other tissues, making it the ultimate tool for manipulating cells deep in the body.”</p><p>Chalasani is the mastermind who first established the field of sonogenetics a decade ago.</p><p>He discovered that ultrasound — sound waves beyond the range of human hearing — can be harnessed to control cells. Since sound is a form of mechanical energy, he surmised that if brain cells could be made mechanically sensitive, then they could be modified with ultrasound.</p><p>In 2015 his research group provided the first successful demonstration of the theory, adding a protein to cells of a roundworm, <em>Caenorhabditis elegans</em>, that made them sensitive to low-frequency ultrasound and thus enabled them to be activated at the behest of researchers.</p><p>This was a milestone achievement for the credibility of the field, but Chalasani’s team soon hit a stumbling block. The same protein that was so successful in sensitising roundworm cells produced no discernible effect at all in mammalian cells. While sonically controlling roundworms is undoubtedly cool, without making the leap to mammalian cells, the potential medical revolution would be dead in its tracks.</p><p>Undeterred, Chalasani and his colleagues set out to search for a new protein that would work in mammals.</p><p>Although a few proteins were already known to be ultrasound sensitive, no existing candidates were sensitive at the clinically safe frequency of 7MHz – so this was where the team set their sights.  </p><p>“Our approach was different than previous screens because we set out to look for ultrasound-sensitive channels in a comprehensive way,” says Yusuf Tufail, a former project scientist at Salk and a co-first author of the new paper.</p><p>The screening process took over a year and encompassed nearly 300 candidate proteins which they tested on dishes of a common human research cell line, but at last the team struck gold. TRPA1, a channel protein that lets cells respond to the presence of noxious compounds and activates a wide range of cells in the body, was the winner, responding to the 7MHz ultrasound frequency.</p><p>“We were really surprised,” says co-first author of the paper Marc Duque, a Salk exchange student. “TRPA1 has been well-studied in the literature but hasn’t been described as a classical mechanosensitive protein that you’d expect to respond to ultrasound.”</p><p>To test whether TRPA1 could activate cell types of clinical interest in response to ultrasound, the team used a gene therapy approach to add the genes for human TRPA1 to a specific group of neurons in the brains of living mice. When they then administered ultrasound to the mice, only the neurons with the TRPA1 genes were activated.</p><p>This leap from theory to physical demonstration is a huge step forward for the burgeoning field. Though it is early days, Chalasani believes the next steps are within reach.</p><p>Clinicians treating conditions including Parkinson’s disease and epilepsy currently use deep brain stimulation, which involves surgically implanting electrodes in the brain, to activate certain subsets of neurons. Chalasani says that sonogenetics could one day replace this approach—the next step would be developing a gene therapy delivery method that can cross the blood-brain barrier, something that is already being studied.</p><p>Perhaps sooner, he says, sonogenetics could be used to activate cells in the heart, as a kind of pacemaker that requires no implantation.</p><p>“Gene delivery techniques already exist for getting a new gene – such as TRPA1 – into the human heart. If we can then use an external ultrasound device to activate those cells, that could really revolutionise pacemakers.”</p><p>Though sonogenetics could one day circumvent medications and invasive surgeries, for now the team is sticking with nailing down the fundamentals. Their current focus is on determining exactly how TRPA1 senses ultrasound, which could allow this sensitivity to be tweaked and enhanced.</p><!-- Start of tracking content syndication. Please do not remove this section as it allows us to keep track of republished articles --><p><img id="cosmos-post-tracker" style="height: 1px!important;width: 1px!important;border: 0!important" src="https://syndication.cosmosmagazine.com/?id=181725&amp;title=Could+sound+replace+pacemakers+and+insulin+pumps%3F" width="1" height="1" data-spai-target="src" data-spai-orig="" data-spai-exclude="nocdn" /></p><!-- End of tracking content syndication --><div id="contributors"><p><em><a href="https://cosmosmagazine.com/health/sonogenetics-replace-invasive-medical-treatments/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">This article</a> was originally published on <a href="https://cosmosmagazine.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Cosmos Magazine</a> and was written by <a href="https://cosmosmagazine.com/contributor/jamie-priest" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Jamie Priest</a>. Jamie Priest is a science journalist at Cosmos. She has a Bachelor of Science in Marine Biology from the University of Adelaide.</em></p><p><em>Image: Getty Images</em></p></div>

Body

Placeholder Content Image

12 bizarre-sounding anti-ageing treatments that really work

<p><strong>Options you might not know about </strong></p> <p><span>Taking good care of your skin now is one of the best ways to ensure that it’s as healthy as possible in the future, and you might want to consider trying one of these out-of-the-box anti-ageing treatments, too. </span></p> <p><span>Although they sound bizarre, experts say they offer good results.</span></p> <p><strong>Vampire facial</strong></p> <p><span>This technique gained notoriety from a 2013 <em>Keeping Up with the Kardashians</em> episode in which Kim gets an anti-ageing treatment that leaves her face spotted with blood. </span></p> <p><span>T</span><span>he ‘vampire facial,’ or platelet-rich plasma (PRP) treatment, utilises the body’s own growth factors to regenerate tissue and promote collagen production. “During this procedure, blood is taken from the patient’s vein and placed in a specialised centrifuge,” says plastic surgeon, Dr David Shafer.</span></p> <p><span> “As the blood spins at a very fast speed, the components of the blood separate into serum, platelets, and red blood cells, and the PRP layer is isolated and used for various rejuvenating procedures.” </span></p> <p><span>While the PRP does not add volume, Dr Shafer claims it can give local cells a healthy boost. Keep in mind that this may require a topical anaesthetic because it’s done in conjunction with micro-needling, which can be painful. </span></p> <p><span>Kim Kardashian herself said she regretted having the procedure because she did it without numbing cream.</span></p> <p><strong>Face gym</strong></p> <p><span>This anti-ageing treatment might sound like something that would require work on the patient’s part – but it’s not like the gym for your body. </span></p> <p><span>Face Gym is a non-invasive muscle manipulation technique that is used to tone the muscles. </span></p> <p><span>All you do as the patient is lie down and relax as a technician uses combined skin rejuvenating techniques and products on your face. </span></p> <p><span>“While Face Gym is not a substitute for traditional facelift surgery or even dermal fillers to replace lost volume, it is a great maintenance program,” says Dr Shafer.</span></p> <p><strong>Morpheus8</strong></p> <p><span>Micro-needling, the method of pricking the skin with small needles to generate new collagen and skin tissue for firmer, smoother skin, has been gaining popularity over the last several years. </span></p> <p><span>Morpheus8 is a similar technique, although it’s a bit more extreme than basic micro-needling. “Morpheus8 uses radiofrequency energy to carefully and directly apply full thickness through the skin to the underlying fat space to not only tighten the skin but also the three-dimensional structure underneath,” explains plastic surgeon, Dr Spero J. Theodorou. </span></p> <p><span>“The reason it is effective is the unique application of the energy and the reliance on the body itself to produce more collagen and elastin over time.”</span></p> <p><strong>Cryotherapy facial</strong></p> <p>This skin-enhancing, anti-ageing treatment is becoming more popular for its ability to constrict blood vessels, resulting in a reduction in inflammation, shrunken pores, and an overall tighter face.</p> <p>It uses liquid nitrogen, aka freezing cold temps, to reduce facial swelling and stimulate collagen, explains Dr Joshua Zeichner.</p> <p>Although further research is necessary to totally prove its anti-ageing abilities, Dr Zeichner says, the results, although temporary, can be impressive.</p> <p><strong>Fraxel</strong></p> <p><span>Fractionated skin resurfacing, also known as Fraxel, is a non-invasive treatment that involves the use of controlled, microscopic injuries that cause tiny perforations in the treatment area while leaving zones of healthy surrounding tissue intact and untouched. </span></p> <p><span>Research has found it to be effective not only in skin rejuvenation, but also in treating acne as well as certain dermatological diseases. </span></p> <p><span>“The specific zones of injury trigger the patient’s natural neocollagenesis (collagen rebuilding process), which rejuvenates the skin and improves its appearance,” says dermatologist, Dr Dendy Engelman. </span></p> <p><span>“Improvements continue over time (up to six months post-procedure) as new collagen continues to rebuild.”</span></p> <p><strong>Facial acupuncture </strong></p> <p><span>If you’re looking to brighten your skin tone and reduce symptoms of premature ageing, facial acupuncture might be for you. </span></p> <p><span>In fact, one study found that facial acupuncture increased the water and oil content of facial skin, thus giving it a more youthful appearance. </span></p> <p><span>“Acupuncture stimulates the nerves increasing tone and blood flow to the face, which helps clear away toxins and bring essential nutrients to the superficial layers of the skin,” says Dr Shafer. </span></p> <p><span>“Since the skin of the face is a highly metabolic area with constant turnover of skin cells, this elastic production, and removal of toxins from the environment is key.”</span></p> <p><strong>Thread lift</strong></p> <p><span>This type of procedure is a more non-invasive facelift than the traditional facelift. </span></p> <p><span>One study found that it delivered satisfactory results in the majority of patients while proving to have few complications (only 6 per cent of patients reviewed experienced complications). </span></p> <p><span>It involves the application of temporary sutures in the skin to produce a slight, but visible, lift in the skin. “Thread lifts are good for patients looking for a quick, non-invasive boost to their cheeks, improved definition to their jawline or lifting of their neck,” says Dr Shafer. </span></p> <p><span>“Patients have to have guarded expectations, however, as the results are not comparable to a true surgical face or neck lift.”</span></p> <p><strong>Botox</strong><span></span></p> <p><span>“While new technologies emerge for skin tightening and resurfacing, there is no alternative to neuromodulators (aka Botox) when it comes to reducing dynamic wrinkles which occur with movement,” says Dr Shafer about the injectable neurotoxin that smoothes fine lines on the face. </span></p> <p><span>The TGA-approved treatment areas are the glabella (the 11s between the eyebrows), the crow’s feet to the sides of the eyes with squinting and the transverse forehead lines.</span></p> <p><strong>Dermal fillers</strong><span></span></p> <p><span>While lasers and facials improve skin texture, there is no more effective treatment to adding volume than with dermal fillers such as Voluma, Juvederm and Vollure, according to Dr Shafer. </span></p> <p><span>One study found that the treatment of age-related lines and wrinkles using dermal fillers is both safe and effective, supporting Dr Shafer’s opinion. </span></p> <p><span>“These products are made from hyaluronic acid which is naturally found within the skin and are highly biocompatible,” he says. </span></p> <p><span>“Where someone is looking for natural lip enhancement, smoothing of the lines around their mouth or lifting the cheeks, dermal fillers give an instant result at a low risk.”</span></p> <p><strong>Ultherapy</strong></p> <p><span>This anti-ageing treatment uses focused ultrasound technology to stimulate tightening of the deeper layers of the skin; in clinical studies, researchers have found that it can be effective. </span></p> <p><span>“Unlike lasers, which treat the surface of the skin, ultherapy directs the treatment under the skin with ultrasound guidance in three dimensions to help lift and sculpt the face,” says Dr Shafer. </span></p> <p><span>“The treatments do take some time – one to two hours – and the results can take four to six weeks to appreciate, but there is little-to-no downtime as the surface of the skin is not affected.”</span></p> <p><strong>Hyaluronic acid injections</strong></p> <p><span>There is a new treatment in Europe that involves shallow injections of hyaluronic acid all over the face – about 100 injections in total, according to Dr Engelman. </span></p> <p><span>“Hyaluronic acid is a carbohydrate naturally occurring throughout the body, but it makes an effective moisturiser because it can hold 1000 times its weight in water, meaning it does wonders in hydration,” she says. </span></p> <p><span>“By plumping the skin from within, overall texture and elasticity are improved for up to nine months.” Hyaluronic acid is an ingredient in many moisturisers.</span></p> <p><strong>Restylane Lyft</strong></p> <p>This treatment can be used use on hands, which tend to be one of the more obvious areas of ageing.</p> <p>“Having a young face and old hands can give away your age, which is why Restylane Lyft has become a very popular option among patients,” says Dr Zeichner.</p> <p>“Injections can give long-lasting improvement to hide prominent veins and bones.”</p> <p><em>Image credits: Getty Images</em></p> <p><em>This article originally appeared on <a href="https://www.readersdigest.co.nz/healthsmart/beauty/12-bizarre-sounding-anti-ageing-treatments-that-really-work?pages=1">Reader's Digest</a>. </em></p>

Beauty & Style

Placeholder Content Image

Experience the spectacular sounds of a Murrumbidgee wetland erupting with life as water returns

<p>In the southwestern corner of New South Wales, along the Murrumbidgee river, frogs are calling in a wetland called Nap Nap. This is <a href="https://www.narinari.org/our-journey">Nari Nari</a> country – nap nap means “very swampy” in traditional language.</p> <p>Nap Nap is one of many inland wetlands across Australia to receive so-called “environmental water”: water allocated and managed to improve the health of rivers, wetlands and floodplains.</p> <p><a href="https://flow-mer.org.au/">Long-term monitoring</a> shows how these environmental flows sustain big old trees and cycle nutrients through the ecosystem. They drive breeding for frogs, waterbirds, reptiles and fish, and protect endangered species. This is a good news story for our inland waterways – but it’s mostly told through scientific reports.</p> <p>We wanted to use ecological data to convey not just facts but feelings, and create a vivid digital portrait of life in Nap Nap. So we recently produced <a href="https://flow-mer.org.au/napnap/">The Sound of Water</a>, using audio, images and water data to reveal the patterns and rhythms of the swamp.</p> <p>In part, this is about finding an engaging way to tell an important story. But there’s a bigger agenda here too: how might we use environmental data to amplify humanity’s attachment to the living world?</p> <p><a href="https://images.theconversation.com/files/439776/original/file-20220107-13-1wm9dil.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=1000&amp;fit=clip"><img src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/439776/original/file-20220107-13-1wm9dil.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip" alt="A view of a forest wetland, with water surrounded by tall gum trees" /></a> <span class="caption">Nap Nap wetland, the name of which means ‘very swampy’ in traditional language.</span> <span class="attribution"><span class="source">Gayleen Bourke</span></span></p> <h2>Addressing an imbalance</h2> <p>Healthy wetlands rely on varying river flows. When a river is flooding or at high flow, water is delivered to wetlands, enabling seeds to sprout and animals to move and breed. When the river is at low flow, wetlands enter a natural drying phase.</p> <p>But across Australia, thousands of wetlands have lost their natural connection to rivers. Lower river flows – the result of water regulation and diversions required to meet human needs – means many wetlands no longer experience these natural cycles.</p> <p>Environmental flows seek to address this imbalance. Managed by water authorities, the flows involve strategically delivering water to replenish rivers, wetlands and floodplains.</p> <p>Our project – a design-science collaboration – was funded by the Commonwealth Environmental Water Office’s <a href="https://flow-mer.org.au">Flow-MER program</a>, which undertakes long-term monitoring of the ecological impact of environmental water allocations.</p> <h2>The Sound of Water</h2> <p>Across nine days in spring of 2020, an environmental flow of about 16,000 million litres rolled into Nap Nap swamp in the Lowbidgee floodplain after a brief dry spell. The Lowbidgee floodplain is near the confluence of the Kalari (Lachlan) and Murrumbidgee rivers in New South Wales.</p> <p>The frogs began calling as the water returned. But don’t take our word for it - <a href="https://theconversation.com/experience-the-spectacular-sounds-of-a-murrumbidgee-wetland-erupting-with-life-as-water-returns-174423">listen for yourself.</a></p> <p>In this clip, you can hear the squelchy, “cree-cree” call of tiny, hardy Murray Valley froglets. You can also hear inland banjo frogs, whose “dok” call sounds a bit like a plucked string; spotted marsh frogs with a machine-gun like “duk-duk-duk”; and the shrill, rattling call of Peron’s tree frog.</p> <p>This recording comes from an audio logger used in Flow-MER’s environmental monitoring. These automatic devices record for five minutes every hour, day and night – that’s two hours of sound captured every day.</p> <p><img src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/440161/original/file-20220111-17-5maxbu.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip" alt="A small light grey frog on a tree branch calling, with its throat puffed out" /> <span class="caption">The Peron’s tree frog has a shrill, rattling call.</span> <span class="attribution"><span class="source">Damian Michael</span></span></p> <h2>Seeing wetland sounds</h2> <p>To reveal the content of all this audio, we used a visual representation of sound known as a spectrogram. We adapted a <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2014.05.063">technique</a> developed by researchers at the Queensland University of Technology which enables ecologists to visualise and analyse thousands of hours of recordings.</p> <p>We visualised almost a year’s worth of audio from Nap Nap – more than 700 hours.</p> <p>The below image contains spectrograms of audio from June 2020, which was a dry period in the swamp. The colourful central band corresponds to the noisy daylight hours, when woodland birds dominate.</p> <p>The vivid blue areas are wind and rain noise. The pink and orange are mostly bird calls, and continuous sounds like cricket calls show up as strong horizontal bands (top right).</p> <p>The mostly dark outer bands correspond to the nights, which in dry periods are fairly quiet.</p> <p><a href="https://images.theconversation.com/files/439614/original/file-20220106-19-77zfci.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=1000&amp;fit=clip"><img src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/439614/original/file-20220106-19-77zfci.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip" alt="Spectrograms of audio showing the patterns and variation of activity across 10 days" /></a> <span class="caption">Spectrograms of Nap Nap audio from June 2020. Each row shows a single day, made up of 24 hourly segments.</span> <span class="attribution"><span class="source">Authors provided</span></span></p> <p>But as the environmental water flow reached Nap Nap, the night lit up with frog calls. Our story focuses on this moment. We found a way to link the visuals to the source audio, creating interactive timelines in which we can see, hear and explore the wetland soundscape.</p> <p>The stars of our story are Nap Nap’s frogs, and our most important find was a southern bell frog. Once widespread across southeastern Australia, these frogs are now found in only a few isolated populations.</p> <p>Their distinctive call indicates the ecological health of Nap Nap, and the value of these environmental flows. Here you can listen to its deep, growling call, which appears as a sequence of pink and purple blobs along the bottom of the spectrogram.</p> <p><iframe src="https://player.vimeo.com/video/663205855" width="500" height="281" frameborder="0" webkitallowfullscreen="" mozallowfullscreen="" allowfullscreen=""></iframe> <span class="caption">Spectrogram of a southern bell frog calling at Nap Nap (3 September 2020, 8pm). Image: Gayleen Bourke.</span></p> <h2>A data portrait of a living place</h2> <p>Our design uses a scroll-based interaction technique sometimes termed “<a href="https://medium.com/nightingale/from-storytelling-to-scrollytelling-a-short-introduction-and-beyond-fbda32066964">scrollytelling</a>”. It works because it’s familiar (everyone can scroll) and translates well to all kinds of devices. It lets us lead the audience step by step into the place, the data and the spectrograms, while still encouraging exploration.</p> <p><a href="https://flow-mer.org.au/napnap/">The Sound of Water</a> builds on established techniques to create something new. It shows how design and science can unite to tell environmental stories in a richer way – with both facts and feelings. This matters because Nap Nap, and thousands of places like it, need people to care about their protection.</p> <p><span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/mitchell-whitelaw-1167325">Mitchell Whitelaw</a>, Professor of Design, School of Art and Design, <em><a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/australian-national-university-877">Australian National University</a></em> and <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/skye-wassens-451800">Skye Wassens</a>, Associate Professor in Ecology, <em><a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/charles-sturt-university-849">Charles Sturt University</a></em></span></p> <p>This article is republished from <a href="https://theconversation.com">The Conversation</a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href="https://theconversation.com/experience-the-spectacular-sounds-of-a-murrumbidgee-wetland-erupting-with-life-as-water-returns-174423">original article</a>.</p>

Domestic Travel

Placeholder Content Image

Music without a sound

<div> <div class="copy"> <p>There’s more to our appreciation of music than its sound, according to an Australian study <a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0241196" target="_blank">published</a> in the journal <em>PLOS ONE</em>. It found that people can have emotional reactions to music based solely on its genre.</p> <p>“This is one of the first studies which tells us that how we emotionally respond to music might not be related to musical features, as has long been suggested, but to pre-conceived ideas we have about the culture related to the music,” says lead author Marco Susino from Flinders University.</p> <p>Susino, who is also a visiting fellow at New York’s Juilliard School, has worked and played with musicians in a vast range of cultural contexts across four continents. “I have always been fascinated by the power of music, in terms of how it makes us feel and how it can trigger emotions in us,” he says. “Music can make us cry and weep, but also elate with joy.</p> <p>“Throughout my career, I found that people’s reactions to music were at times wildly different, and I always wondered why. If we listen to the same music, how is it that it can trigger such different emotional reactions?”</p> <p>As Susino ventured into research, he discovered that theories about music and emotions tend to focus on its sound. “Yet to me this seemed limiting,” he says. “What if it has nothing to do with the music at all?”</p> <p>To disentangle this, Susino and Emery Schubert, from the University of New South Wales, recruited 276 adult volunteers from Australia and Cuba.</p> <p>Participants were given a short set of lyrics from real songs, with information on which genre of music they came from, and asked what sentiments came to mind when they read them. The eight genres included Japanese gagaku, Brazilian samba, heavy metal, pop, hip hop and western art opera.</p> <p>There was a twist. Some participants were told the lyrics were taken from a genre that in reality wasn’t true. Others weren’t given any genre at all. Essentially, the lyrics were the same, but the genre label changed.</p> <p>After controlling for familiarity and fandom, results showed that people’s emotional responses changed for some genres.</p> <p>When a set of lyrics was presented as Japanese gagaku, for instance, emotional responses were nearly always gentle while samba was associated with happiness, excitement and dancing. Heavy metal and hip hop, on the other hand, evoked anger.</p> <p>Results suggest that on some occasions prejudice and stereotypes influence our emotional response to music, Susino says – even though the music and lyrics might be expressing something completely different.</p> <p>People might hold a stereotype of Japanese culture as calm and spiritual, for instance, which could extend to perceptions of its music, even if the composer is conveying another emotion. Heavy metal and hip hop, on the other hand, tend to be stereotyped as rebellious and aggressive.</p> <p>The researchers also found differences between Cuban and Australian participants which could reflect different biases and stereotypes between cultures. Cubans associated hip hop with violence and sadness, for instance, while Australians more frequently linked it to sadness, betrayal and longing.</p> <p>The study has several interesting implications.</p> <p>“Music has been used for music therapy and treatment, music cognition and music psychology research,” says Susino. “But, to find out that how someone feels in relation to music might have nothing to do with the music itself is remarkable.”</p> <p>“The cross-cultural differences also bring into question the reliability of the well-known saying ‘music is a universal language’. When it comes to emotions, it does not look that way.”</p> <em>Image credit: Shutterstock            <!-- Start of tracking content syndication. Please do not remove this section as it allows us to keep track of republished articles --> <img id="cosmos-post-tracker" style="opacity: 0; height: 1px!important; width: 1px!important; border: 0!important; position: absolute!important; z-index: -1!important;" src="https://syndication.cosmosmagazine.com/?id=126972&amp;title=Music+without+a+sound" alt="" width="1" height="1" /> <!-- End of tracking content syndication -->          </em></div> <div id="contributors"> <p><em>This article was originally published on <a rel="noopener" href="https://cosmosmagazine.com/people/music-without-a-sound/" target="_blank">cosmosmagazine.com</a> and was written by Natalie Parletta.</em></p> </div> </div>

Music

Placeholder Content Image

Why do we hate the sound of our own voices?

<p><a href="http://scholar.google.com/citations?user=zZY5ezsAAAAJ&amp;hl=en">As a surgeon who specializes in treating patients with voice problems</a>, I routinely record my patients speaking. For me, these recordings are incredibly valuable. They allow me to track slight changes in their voices from visit to visit, and it helps confirm whether surgery or voice therapy led to improvements.</p> <p>Yet I’m surprised by how difficult these sessions can be for my patients. Many become visibly uncomfortable upon hearing their voice played back to them.</p> <p>“Do I really sound like that?” they wonder, wincing.</p> <p>(Yes, you do.)</p> <p>Some become so unsettled they refuse outright to listen to the recording – much less go over the subtle changes I want to highlight.</p> <p><a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2273.2005.01022.x">The discomfort we have over hearing our voices in audio recordings</a> is probably due to a mix of physiology and psychology.</p> <p>For one, the sound from an audio recording is transmitted differently to your brain than the sound generated when you speak.</p> <p>When listening to a recording of your voice, the sound travels through the air and into your ears – what’s referred to as “<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-385157-4.00121-4">air conduction</a>.” The sound energy vibrates the ear drum and small ear bones. These bones then transmit the sound vibrations to the cochlea, which stimulates nerve axons that send the auditory signal to the brain.</p> <p>However, when you speak, the sound from your voice reaches the inner ear in a different way. While some of the sound is transmitted through air conduction, much of the sound is <a href="https://doi.org/10.1159/000266070">internally conducted directly through your skull bones</a>. When you hear your own voice when you speak, it’s due to a blend of both external and internal conduction, and internal bone conduction appears to boost the lower frequencies.</p> <p>For this reason, people generally perceive their voice as deeper and richer when they speak. The recorded voice, in comparison, can sound thinner and higher pitched, which many find cringeworthy.</p> <p>There’s a second reason hearing a recording of your voice can be so disconcerting. It really is a new voice – one that exposes a difference between your self-perception and reality. <a href="https://www.npr.org/2019/07/15/741827437/finding-your-voice-how-the-way-we-sound-shapes-our-identities">Because your voice is unique and an important component of self-identity</a>, this mismatch can be jarring. Suddenly you realize other people have been hearing something else all along.</p> <p>Even though we may actually sound more like our recorded voice to others, I think the reason so many of us squirm upon hearing it is not that the recorded voice is necessarily worse than our perceived voice. Instead, we’re simply more used to hearing ourselves sound a certain way.</p> <p><a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2273.2005.01022.x">A study published in 2005</a> had patients with voice problems rate their own voices when presented with recordings of them. They also had clinicians rate the voices. The researchers found that patients, across the board, tended to more negatively rate the quality of their recorded voice compared with the objective assessments of clinicians.</p> <p>So if the voice in your head castigates the voice coming out of a recording device, it’s probably your inner critic overreacting – and you’re judging yourself a bit too harshly.<!-- Below is The Conversation's page counter tag. Please DO NOT REMOVE. --><img style="border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important; text-shadow: none !important;" src="https://counter.theconversation.com/content/158376/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic" alt="The Conversation" width="1" height="1" /><!-- End of code. If you don't see any code above, please get new code from the Advanced tab after you click the republish button. The page counter does not collect any personal data. More info: https://theconversation.com/republishing-guidelines --></p> <p><span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/neel-bhatt-1222653">Neel Bhatt</a>, Assistant Professor of Otolaryngology, UW Medicine, <em><a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/university-of-washington-699">University of Washington</a></em></span></p> <p>This article is republished from <a href="https://theconversation.com">The Conversation</a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href="https://theconversation.com/why-do-we-hate-the-sound-of-our-own-voices-158376">original article</a>.</p>

Mind

Placeholder Content Image

Do you know what coronavirus cough sounds like?

<div class="post_body_wrapper"> <div class="post_body"> <div class="body_text "> <p>As cases of coronavirus continue to rise across the world, many are unsure what the respiratory condition sounds like.</p> <p>It presents with two key symptoms, which are a cough and a fever. As it’s broken out in the middle of cold and flu season, it can be difficult to tell if you’ve got the normal flu or coronavirus.</p> <p>Radio 2<span> </span>has shared audio clips of what the telltale dry cough sounds like.</p> <p>"The two main symptoms of coronavirus to look out for are a continuous dry cough and/or a fever,” said BBC’s Laura Foster.</p> <p>"If you're sneezing a lot, got a runny nose or a headache, you may be ill, but you've probably not got coronavirus.</p> <blockquote class="twitter-tweet"> <p dir="ltr">A lot of people asking for the Coronavirus explainers we're making to be put on all media platforms. Good news is they are! This is the sort of information we should be sharing regularly to take the pressure off health systems. Plus my acting is hilarious. <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/COVID2019?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#COVID2019</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/COVID19?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#COVID19</a> <a href="https://t.co/l304j6h1A1">https://t.co/l304j6h1A1</a></p> — Laura Foster (@misslfoster) <a href="https://twitter.com/misslfoster/status/1240615821438865408?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">March 19, 2020</a></blockquote> <p>"So how high a fever is a coronavirus one? And what exactly is a continuous dry cough?</p> <p>"Well, it's when you cough and there's no mucous or phlegm. There's basically no gooey substance in your tissue. And this is not the odd cough here or there. It has to be coughing regularly for no other reason, such as clearing your throat or smoking."</p> <p>"So how high a fever is a coronavirus fever? Well if you have one, you will know about it. Technically it's a body temperature of more than 37.8 degrees Celsius or 100 degrees Fahrenheit. But if you've not got a thermometer, basically you will feel hot, and your chest and back would be hot if someone touched you."</p> <p>Laura added: "If you have either of these symptoms, then you and everyone you live with needs to stay at home for two weeks.”</p> </div> </div> </div>

Body

Placeholder Content Image

WHO sounds new warning against use of ibuprofen for coronavirus symptoms

<div class="post_body_wrapper"> <div class="post_body"> <div class="body_text "> <p>The World Health Organisation has recommended that people suffering from COVID-19 symptoms to avoid taking ibuprofen after French officials warned that anti-inflammatory drugs could worsen the effects of the virus.</p> <p>The warning came after French Health Minister Olivier Veran followed a recent study in The Lancet medical journal that hypothesised that an enzyme boosted by anti-inflammatory drugs such as ibuprofen could worsen COVID-19 infections.</p> <p>When asked about the study, WHO spokesman Christian Lindmeier told reporters in Geneva that the UN health agency’s experts were “looking into this to give further guidance”.</p> <p>"In the meantime, we recommend using rather paracetamol, and do not use ibuprofen as a self-medication. That's important," he said.</p> <p>He added that if ibuprofen had been "prescribed by the healthcare professionals, then, of course, that's up to them."</p> <p>Mr Lindmeier’s comments came after Veran made a tweet cautioning the use of ibuprofen and other anti-inflammatory drugs.</p> <p>"In the case of fever, take paracetamol," he wrote.</p> <p>A spokesperson for British pharmaceutical company Reckitt Benckiser, which makes Nurofen, said in an email statement that the company is aware of concerns about the use of steroids for the alleviation of COVID-19 symptoms.</p> <p>“Consumer safety is our number one priority," the spokesperson said, stressing that "Ibuprofen is a well-established medicine that has been used safely as a self-care fever and pain reducer, including in viral illnesses, for more than 30 years."</p> <p>"We do not currently believe there is any proven scientific evidence linking over-the-counter use of ibuprofen to the aggravation of COVID-19," the statement said.</p> <p>The COVID-19 pandemic has currently infected 190,000 people worldwide and killed more than 7,800. It causes mild symptoms in most people, but can result in pneumonia and in some cases, severe illness that can lead to multiple organ failure.</p> </div> </div> </div>

News

Placeholder Content Image

Want to sound like the Queen? Here's how in three easy steps

<div class="post_body_wrapper"> <div class="post_body"> <div class="body_text "> <p>According to cultural expert Claire Larkin, becoming posh is easier than many people think.</p> <p>Humans make snap judgements on other people’s accents in as few as seven words and favour those we perceive to be “posh” or “high class” says a recent<span> </span><a rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.inverse.com/article/60299-pronunciation-class-study" target="_blank">study</a>.</p> <p>Larkin told<span> </span><em><a rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/article-7674233/Can-posh-Language-expert-reveals-exactly-mimic-Queens-English.html" target="_blank">Femail</a></em><span> </span>about why the British royal family are considered “high class”.</p> <p>“Even today, important figures from across society – particularly the royals – use British Received Pronunciation, and it's still regarded by many as the "proper" way of speaking, and a marker of prestige and ability.”</p> <p>You can easily fool people into thinking that you’re posh by using phrases from the hit show on Netflix<span> </span><em>The Crown</em>.</p> <p>She defines a posh accent as having three elements involved.</p> <ol> <li>A clear pronunciation of the letter H at the beginning of words such as “hat” or “hamper”</li> <li>Making the letter R inaudible in words such as “car” or “heart”</li> <li>Using long vowels which require an incredibly high palate</li> </ol> <p>Some of the key phrases to mimic a posh accent include:</p> <p><strong>“Who we are is not what we wear or what glitters. It’s the spirit that defines us”.</strong></p> <p>This line, delivered by Philip Mountbatten in Season 2 is a good sentence to practice, according to Larkin.</p> <p>“It's a sentence to use when practicing your long vowels, and skipping your 'r's.”</p> <p><strong>“It is better to be patient and get what you desire in the right time, than have high office thrust upon you when you are not ready.”</strong></p> <p>“This quote, from Season 1, will allow you to really practice that 'ah' sound, and to emphasise your 't's,” explains Larkin.</p> <p>“This will help you to sound and feel like a royal as you philosophise about your regal duty and understand what it means to wear the weight of the Crown.”</p> <p><strong>“Look, I'm strong. You know that. And I can cope with the truth. I just demand to know the truth. It's when people don't tell me the truth that I can't bear it.”  <br /></strong></p> <p>“This dramatic statement, delivered by Queen Elizabeth in Season 2, is the perfect way to practice your high 'oo' sound in the word truth, which should sound more like 'trooth' in this sentence,” said Larkin.</p> <p>'You can also practice skipping your 'r's and sharpening your 't's, to sound like a very well-spoken truth-seeker.”</p> </div> </div> </div>

Beauty & Style

Placeholder Content Image

Music therapist creates playlist to calm the mind

<p>It may seem like we are living in an age of anxiety, where feeling worried, upset and stressed has become the norm. But we should remember that anxiety is a <a href="https://www.mind.org.uk/information-support/types-of-mental-health-problems/anxiety-and-panic-attacks/about-anxiety/#.Xc6FEi10fq1">natural human response</a> to situations.</p> <p>It comes when we are not sure what is going to happen, or when we feel under threat. And even mild anxiety can have a negative effect on our ability to lead a productive life. It can interfere with being able to enjoy the simple things in life.</p> <p>When we experience anxiety, our heart and breathing rates increase and many other systems in our bodies <a href="https://www.healthline.com/health/anxiety/effects-on-body#1">experience overload</a>. Anxiety affects our general physical health as well as our emotions.</p> <p>In my work as a music therapist, I’ve noticed the impact music can have on anxiety. For example, in <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NIdtMOd8k8A">guided imagery sessions</a>, the therapist uses specially selected music and the client is invited to describe what they are feeling and what images the music conjures up. It’s amazing what insights can be gained from simply allowing yourself time to listen and talk about what you see in your mind’s eye.</p> <p>These may be as simple as becoming more aware of how music can affect emotions, or be used to explore past experiences or future dilemmas. It can also be used to find a place of comfort and a secure base where <a href="https://academic.oup.com/jmt/article-abstract/36/1/39/914646?redirectedFrom=fulltext">physical and emotional balance</a> can be found.</p> <p>A <a href="https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/news/relaxing-song-best-weightless-marconi-union-youtube-surgery-anxiety-a9011971.html">recent experiment</a> explored whether certain kinds of music can reduce anxiety during a complex task and concluded that some music is better at doing this than others.</p> <p><a href="http://theconversation.com/surprising-ways-to-beat-anxiety-and-become-mentally-strong-according-to-science-77978"></a>Also, <a href="https://academic.oup.com/jmt/article-abstract/48/3/264/1002764?redirectedFrom=PDF">a study</a> based on measuring physiological and emotional responses suggests there are certain qualities in music that are better at helping people relax.</p> <p>The speed of the music should be relatively slow, the melody should be simple, and the beat and harmony should not hold too many surprises. Other factors, such as the complexity of the music and – surprisingly – familiarity with the piece, were not so important.</p> <p>In fact, knowing a piece too well was found in some cases to be counterproductive. The genres most likely to support relaxation are classical, soft pop and certain types of world music. These are found to largely contain the musical elements necessary to help a person relax.</p> <p><strong>Press play</strong></p> <p>With these musical elements in mind, here are eight suggested pieces of music that meet these criteria:</p> <p><strong>1</strong> <a href="https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-album-reviews/ambient-1-music-for-airports-184712/">Ambient 1: Music For Airports</a> by Brian Eno. This soundscape provides a wash of musical effects that echo the rhythm of our physiological functions, leaving space for us to attune to the slow tempo of the music. The album is described in <a href="https://www.roughtrade.com/gb/brian-eno/ambient-1-music-for-airports">one review</a> as “the kind of music one might hear in heaven”.</p> <div class="embed-responsive embed-responsive-16by9"><iframe class="embed-responsive-item" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/vNwYtllyt3Q"></iframe></div> <p><strong>2</strong> Pieds-en-L'Air, from <a href="https://arielmusic.co.uk/product/capriol-suite/">Capriol Suite</a>, by Peter Warlock, a composer and former music critic. Known for his unconventional lifestyle, he died in 1930, aged 36. His musical legacy includes this soft and slow classical piece with a melody reminiscent of songs we may have heard as children.</p> <div class="embed-responsive embed-responsive-16by9"><iframe class="embed-responsive-item" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/ZMyS1G8NWnY"></iframe></div> <p><strong>3</strong> <a href="https://open.spotify.com/track/56FjSa3QWnDE6CxjFTp9rH">Om Namah Shivaya</a> by Deva Premal. The vocals of Premal and supporting music made by her partner Mital hark back to evocative chants from times past. The slow pace and almost hypnotic music combined with her clear vocals feel very supportive.</p> <div class="embed-responsive embed-responsive-16by9"><iframe class="embed-responsive-item" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/eUqe31ojZBU"></iframe> <p><strong>4</strong> <a href="https://www.smoothradio.com/features/adele-someone-like-you-lyrics-meaning-facts/">Someone Like You</a> by Adele. While this hugely successful song explores the issue of loss, the slow tempo and cool accompaniment is found by many to offer a sense of calm and reflection. It has <a href="https://slate.com/culture/2012/02/someone-like-you-makes-us-cry-scientists-explain-why.html">been claimed</a> that the piece’s emotional strength is due to small, unexpected changes in the melody or “ornamental notes”, which create a melancholic tension.</p> <div class="embed-responsive embed-responsive-16by9"><iframe class="embed-responsive-item" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/hLQl3WQQoQ0"></iframe></div> <p><strong>5</strong> <a href="https://www.classicfm.com/composers/einaudi/music/i-giorni/">I Giorni</a>, by Ludovico Einaudi, an Italian pianist and composer who has written numerous film soundtracks. This piano piece, with its repetitive motifs and steady tempo, evokes a dreamlike state with moments of light and brightness.</p> <div class="embed-responsive embed-responsive-16by9"><iframe class="embed-responsive-item" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/Uffjii1hXzU"></iframe></div> <p><strong>6</strong> <a href="https://global.oup.com/academic/product/in-paradisum-9780193418042?cc=gb&amp;lang=en&amp;">In Paradisum</a>, by Gabriel Fauré, a French composer who gained great popularity in his lifetime, but suffered from deafness in his later years. In this piece, from his Requiem, the choir and organ accompaniment provide a feeling of serenity.</p> <div class="embed-responsive embed-responsive-16by9"><iframe class="embed-responsive-item" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/6-i1ESIRKdA"></iframe></div> <p><strong>7</strong> <a href="https://www.google.com/search?client=safari&amp;rls=en&amp;q=Stopover+at+Djibouti&amp;ie=UTF-8&amp;oe=UTF-8">Stopover at Djibouti</a> by Anouar Ibrahem, a Tunisian oud player and composer. He is widely acclaimed as an innovator in his field, fusing Arab classical music, folk music and jazz. This world jazz piece has hypnotic motifs that can seem almost meditative.</p> <div class="embed-responsive embed-responsive-16by9"><iframe class="embed-responsive-item" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/c2S8LpvZrnQ"></iframe></div> <p><strong>8</strong> <a href="https://www.google.com/search?client=safari&amp;rls=en&amp;ei=hq7OXekQpYbV8A_vxaUw&amp;q=stefan+nilsson+composer+wilmas+tema&amp;oq=stefan+nilsson+composer+wilm&amp;gs_l=psy-ab.3.0.33i22i29i30.2182.3289..4456...0.0..0.99.402.5......0....1..gws-wiz.......0i22i30.I3sNgC11uJY">Wilma’s Theme</a> by Stefan Nilsson, a Swedish composer and pianist who is well known in is home country. This piece, which seems somehow familiar, has a simple melody and harmonies that provide a safe landing place.</p> <div class="embed-responsive embed-responsive-16by9"><iframe class="embed-responsive-item" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/ytBW9x6Zvcc"></iframe></div> <p>This list offers some suggestions of music that could be used to help people relax. A favourite of mine, which I haven’t included, is the slow movement from JS Bach’s Double Violin Concerto. It never fails to give me a sense of feeling safe and grounded, something that can be so important when we may be feeling anxious.</p> <p>It should be said, though, that many <a href="https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0218017">studies</a> emphasise the importance of finding your own selection of music that works for you. Whatever your musical taste is, you have the edge on any prescribed playlist in finding what is best for you.<!-- Below is The Conversation's page counter tag. Please DO NOT REMOVE. --><img style="border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important; text-shadow: none !important;" src="https://counter.theconversation.com/content/121655/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic" alt="The Conversation" width="1" height="1" /><!-- End of code. If you don't see any code above, please get new code from the Advanced tab after you click the republish button. The page counter does not collect any personal data. More info: http://theconversation.com/republishing-guidelines --></p> <p><em><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/elizabeth-coombes-754445">Elizabeth Coombes</a>, Senior Lecturer in Music Therapy, <a href="http://theconversation.com/institutions/university-of-south-wales-1586">University of South Wales</a></em></p> <p><em>This article is republished from <a href="http://theconversation.com">The Conversation</a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href="https://theconversation.com/anxiety-a-playlist-to-calm-the-mind-from-a-music-therapist-121655">original article</a>.</em></p> </div>

Music

Placeholder Content Image

5 great songs almost ruined by their original titles

<p>These songs were almost named something completely different!</p> <div class="Maincontent"> <p><strong>1. ‘Hey Jude’ was ‘Hey Jules’</strong></p> <p>When John and Cynthia Lennon split in 1968, Paul McCartney felt so bad for their five-year-old son, Julian, that he drove out to the suburbs to console him. By the time he arrived, McCartney had written the boy a ballad called ‘Hey Jules’ – a name he later obscured before sharing the song with the world.</p> <p><strong>2. ‘Mrs. Robinson’ was ‘Mrs. Roosevelt’</strong></p> <p>While scoring<span> </span><em>The Graduate</em>, director Mike Nichols turned his lonely eyes to Simon and Garfunkel. Paul Simon was too busy touring to write, but he had been tinkering with a tune called ‘Mrs. Roosevelt’, a tribute to Eleanor Roosevelt and the glorious past. Nichols agreed to use it if Simon agreed to change the title. He did.</p> <p><strong>3. ‘Total Eclipse Of The Heart’ was ‘Vampires In Love’</strong></p> <p>Bonnie Tyler’s wrenching ballad about “love in the dark” was almost much darker. According to lyricist Jim Steinman, “I actually wrote that to be a vampire love song … Its original title was ‘Vampires in Love’ because I was working on a musical of Nosferatu.”</p> <p><strong>4. ‘Tutti Frutti, aw rootie’ was ‘Tutti Frutti, Good Booty’</strong></p> <p>Frustrated in the studio one day, struggling artist Little Richard started hammering the nearest piano and belting out a raunchy tune he used to play in southern clubs. Producer Bumps Blackwell liked what he heard but eventually swapped ‘good booty’ for a slang expression meaning ‘all right’. The rest, as they say, is aw rootie.</p> <p><strong>5. ‘Iron Man’ was nearly ‘Iron Bloke’</strong></p> <p>Black Sabbath guitarist Tony Iommi had just written one of the greatest rock riffs of all time, but he needed lyrics. Ever inspired, vocalist Ozzy Osbourne posited that the riff sounded just like “a big iron bloke walking about.” For months, ‘Iron Bloke’ remained the song’s working title.</p> <div class="at-below-post addthis_tool" data-url="https://www.readersdigest.com.au/true-stories-lifestyle/inspirational/5-Great-Songs-Almost-Ruined-by-Their-Original-Titles"> <p class="p1"><em>Written by Brandon Specktor. This article first appeared in <a href="https://www.readersdigest.com.au/true-stories-lifestyle/inspirational/5-Great-Songs-Almost-Ruined-by-Their-Original-Titles">Reader’s Digest</a>. For more of what you love from the world’s best-loved magazine, <a href="http://readersdigest.innovations.co.nz/c/readersdigestemailsubscribe?utm_source=over60&amp;utm_medium=articles&amp;utm_campaign=RDSUB&amp;keycode=WRN93V">here’s our best subscription offer</a>.</em></p> </div> </div>

Music

Placeholder Content Image

10 common sayings that sound way funnier in other languages

<p>‘Nice guys finish last’ means something very different in Spain… have a giggle at some of these international sayings. When you think about it, they’re probably giggling at some of ours!</p> <p><strong>Money doesn't grow on trees</strong></p> <p>Instead of ‘Money doesn’t grow on trees’, try:</p> <p>‘The sky doesn’t throw chicks’. (Arabic)</p> <p><strong>Nice guys finish last</strong></p> <p>Instead of ‘Nice guys finish last’, try:</p> <p>‘A cat in gloves catches no mice’. (Spanish)</p> <p><strong>Don’t count your chickens before they hatch</strong></p> <p>Instead of ‘Don’t count your chickens before they hatch’, try:</p> <p>‘Don’t praise the day before evening’. (German)</p> <p><strong>All talk and no action</strong></p> <p>Instead of ‘All talk and no action’, try:</p> <p>‘If he made 100 knives, none would have a handle’. (Farsi)</p> <p><strong>To beat around the bush</strong></p> <p>Instead of ‘To beat around the bush’, try:</p> <p>‘To walk like a cat around hot porridge’. (Finnish)</p> <p><strong>The grass is always greener on the other side</strong></p> <p>Instead of ‘The grass is always greener on the other side’, try:</p> <p>‘Tasty is the fish from someone else’s table’. (Yiddish)</p> <p><strong>A drop in the bucket</strong></p> <p>Instead of ‘A drop in the bucket’, try:</p> <p>‘Nine cows, one hare’. (Chinese)</p> <p><strong>Out of the frying pan, into the fire</strong></p> <p>Instead of ‘Out of the frying pan, into the fire’, try:</p> <p>‘Fallen from the sky, stuck on a date palm’. (Hindi)</p> <p><strong>To cost an arm and a leg</strong></p> <p>Instead of ‘To cost an arm and a leg’, try:</p> <p>‘To cost the eyes in your head’. (French)</p> <p><strong>Nothing ventured, nothing gained</strong></p> <p>Instead of ‘Nothing ventured, nothing gained’, try:</p> <p>‘If you don’t enter the tiger’s cave, you won’t catch its cub’. (Japanese)</p> <p><em>Written by The Bathroom Reader's Institute. This article first appeared in </em><span><a href="https://www.readersdigest.com.au/true-stories-lifestyle/thought-provoking/10-common-sayings-that-sound-way-funnier-in-other-languages"><em>Reader’s Digest</em></a><em>. For more of what you love from the world’s best-loved magazine, </em><a rel="noopener" href="http://readersdigest.innovations.co.nz/c/readersdigestemailsubscribe?utm_source=over60&amp;utm_medium=articles&amp;utm_campaign=RDSUB&amp;keycode=WRN93V" target="_blank"><em>here’s our best subscription offer.</em></a></span></p> <p><img style="width: 100px !important; height: 100px !important;" src="https://oversixtydev.blob.core.windows.net/media/7820640/1.png" alt="" data-udi="umb://media/f30947086c8e47b89cb076eb5bb9b3e2" /></p>

Books