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"What a life I’ve had": Author announces own death after years of battling dementia

Wendy Mitchell has died aged 68 after documenting her brave battle with dementia. The author from Walkington, East Yorkshire, became the best-selling writer after she was diagnosed with early onset vascular dementia and Alzheimer's in July 2014. She shared her philosophical outlook on living with the condition in her acclaimed 2018 memoir Somebody I Used To Know and in her 2022 book What I Wish I Knew About Dementia. In an <a href="https://whichmeamitoday.wordpress.com/2024/02/22/my-final-hug-in-a-mug/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">open letter</a> shared online, the author announced her death and revealed that she had refused to eat or drink towards the end of her battle. "If you’re reading this, it means this has probably been posted by my daughters as I’ve sadly died," she began. "Sorry to break the news to you this way, but if I hadn’t, my inbox would eventually have been full of emails asking if I’m OK, which would have been hard for my daughters to answer… "In the end I died simply by deciding not to eat or drink any more," she wrote. She added that the last cup of tea she had, her "final hug in a mug" was "the hardest thing to let go of". "Dementia is a cruel disease that plays tricks on your very existence. I’ve always been a glass half full person, trying to turn the negatives of life around and creating positives, because that’s how I cope." Mitchell said that the language used by doctors can "make or break" how someone copes with dementia, and instead of saying there's "nothing they can do" it is better to tell them they will have to "adapt to a new way of living". "Well I suppose dementia was the ultimate challenge. Yes, dementia is a bummer, but oh what a life I’ve had playing games with this adversary of mine to try and stay one step ahead," she wrote in her final blog post. She also said that she had always been resilient, which has helped her cope with whatever life throws in her way. Mitchell has been an advocate for assisted dying in the UK, and said that "the only legal choice we shouldn’t have in life is when to be born; for everything else, we, as humans, should have a choice; a choice of how we live and a choice of how we die." She added that the way she died was an active choice as she doesn't want "to be an inpatient in a hospital, or a resident in a Care Home," as "it’s just not the place I want to end my years." "My girls have always been the two most important people in my life. I didn’t take this decision lightly, without countless conversations. They were the hardest conversations I’ve ever had to put them through. "This was all MY CHOICE, my decision. So please respect my daughters' privacy, as they didn’t choose the life I chose, of standing up to and speaking out against dementia." She then thanked everyone for their support and left with a touching final message. "So, enjoy this knowing that dementia didn’t play the winning card – I did." Images: Daily Mail

Caring

Readers respond: What did your mum or dad make for dinner growing up that you haven't had in ages?

Sometimes love and affection comes in the form of food, especially when it’s made by our parents. As we grow older and start our own lives we begin to miss the things we got used to as we grow up, especially the food our parents made. Here are some dishes our Over60 readers grew up with that they miss dearly. Keralie Stack - Mums apple pie, lemon meringue pie. Beautiful meat and kidney pies. Roasted meat in winter cooked in the fuel stove , along with a big pot of pea and ham soup in winter, followed with damper and scones for dinner Peter Lord - Mums meat and potato pie! I’ve made it and it’s not bad but it’s nowhere near as good as mum’s! Lee Pavey - A big roast dinner with roast veges & gravy made with the juices of the meat. Jenny Yaun - In my young 8 years old Living in Indonesia I loved Mum's Nasi Goreng made with tin corn beef, I still make now and again. I'm Dutch/Australian Marie Manson - Dads fabulous vege soup.. Dawn Holmes - Triple and onions!!! Can't say I miss it but they liked it!! But then mum was a great home cook with her baked goods and tasty soups and stews!! Jennifer Sabatino - Shepherd’s Pie made with leftover lamb from the Sunday roast and apple sponge (apples with the sponge baked on top), baked custard, baked rice custard and bread & butter pudding. Kathy Bloor - Mince on toast. I have never made it for myself and I am 70 Keith Carter - I haven't had PLOT TOFFEE FOR 65 years. Just got the recipe from my 86 yo sister. So now thats the go. Lorna Turner Prunes - and custard. I still cook all the foods my mum and dad cooked except for prunes and custard.

Food & Wine

Readers respond: What do you know about your mother's life before she had you?

Many of us a guilty to forgetting our parents had lives of their own before they brought their children into the world. We asked our readers what they discovered about their mother's life before she became a mum, and the response was overwhelming. Here's what they said. Georgina Johnson - Mum was in the Army during WW2. That’s how she met Dad. Before that she had wonderful parents and siblings, left school at 14 and lost her only brother in 1945 in New Guinea. That event defined Mum and her family. Robyn Chalmers - My mother had great childhood. Two lovely brothers. Was a Triple Certificated nurse by 1944. Nursed in a third World Country. Always laughing. Lots of energy. Stanley Freeman - Not enough. Her mother died in 1918 during the flu epidemic. My mother was just 3 years old. Elaine Stewart - My mother was the second eldest of sixteen children. She went to school until she was twelve and then went to work and paid all her wages to her father until she was 21. She married my darling father when she was 25 and her life from then on was wonderful as she never wanted for anything and the marriage was truly blessed. Wendy Mack - Sadly she didn’t have the easiest life, but with all she had thrown at her, she always saw the good side of people and never judged. Jackie Ferguson - My Mum had to sit in her house with bombs dropping everywhere. She was petrified and then I arrived! Esma Adger - My mother had a hard life. Raised in a convent, not until late in her life did she discover who she was. Her life story was amazing. Brenda Vera Bennett - My dear Mum had me at an early age and kept me without a lot of help from family. Unfortunately taken too early at 60yrs with cancer. I hope I am as strong a woman as Mum was. Jill Howell - My mother wrote a journal about her younger life. Parts of it were read at her funeral. She passed away last February at the grand age of 99. Kay Montebello - I’m lucky enough to still listen to Mum tell us stories of her and six siblings growing up. At age 96, she has great memories of a very happy childhood. Image credits: Getty Images

Caring

“You wouldn’t believe all I had to do to survive”: Man rescued after 31 days in the jungle

A Bolivian man has survived 31 days in the Amazon jungle. Jhonattan Acosta, 30, was hunting in northern Bolivia when he was separated from his four friends. He told United TV he drank rainwater collected in his shoes and ate worms and insects while hiding from jaguars and peccaries, a type of pig-like mammal. Acosta was finally found by a search party made up of locals and friends a month after he went missing. “I can’t believe people kept up the search for so long,” he said in tears. “I ate worms, I ate insects, you wouldn’t believe all I had to do to survive all this time.” He also ate wild fruits similar to papayas, known locally as gargateas. “I thank God profusely, because he has given me a new life,” he said. His family said they will still have to string all the details together regarding how Acosta got lost and how he managed to stay alive but will ask him gradually as he is still psychologically damaged after the experience. There has also been significant physical changes. Acosta lost 17kg, dislocated his ankle and was severely dehydrated when he was found, but according to those who found him, he was still able to walk with a limp. “My brother told us that when he dislocated his ankle on the fourth day, he started fearing for his life,” Horacio Acosta told Bolivia’s Página Siete newspaper. “He only had one cartridge in his shotgun and couldn’t walk, and he thought no one would be looking for him anymore.” As for his encounters with wild animals in the jungle, including a jaguar, his younger brother said that his brother used his last cartridge to scare off a squadron of peccaries. After 31 days, Acosta spotted the search party about 300m away and limped through thorny bushes, shouting to draw attention to him. Acosta’s brother, Haracio, said that he was found by four local people. “A man came running to tell us they’d found my brother,” he said. “It’s a miracle.” Acosta has since decided to give up hunting for good. “He is going to play music to praise God,” Haracio said. “He promised God that, and I think he will keep his promise.” Image credit: BBC News

Travel Trouble

They had “pretty ankle contests” in the 1900s

The earliest recording of a “pretty ankle contest” was in the early 1900s but it was from the 30s to 50s that ankle competitions hit their stride. Contestants would be concealed behind a curtain with only their ankle proffered for evaluation. The concealment was to encourage all women to enter, as one newspaper advised in 1927: “Older ladies need not feel timid about entering the contest. They have as much chance as their daughters.” These shows often served as a way to promote hosiery companies with winners receiving free stocking, not to mention the crown of “prettiest ankle”. Looking back at the photos, it seems like the contests were serious business. As one commentator wrote in the Bunbury Herald and Blackwood Express in December 1926: “There is something captivating about pretty ankles, and it was only natural that some bright mind must think up a competition for them.” Images: Getty Images

Beauty & Style

"I'm so sorry I had to do this": Thief leaves hand-written apology and desperate promise

One desperate thief had left behind quite a sad note after committing a crime in Auckland. In an interesting turn of events, a couple had woken up to find their car had been broken into and the battery was stolen overnight. The offender had left behind a hand-written note in the engine addressed to the victims, apologising to them. The note read: “I’m so sorry I had to do this. When I am in a fortunate position I will put $200 in your wipers.” One of the victims shared: “The thief actually left a nice note. Don’t feel half as angry as I should but still have no way to get to work.” The resident, who wished to remain anonymous, told the Herald that while she should have been furious she wishes the offender had knocked on the door asking for help instead. “I personally felt a bit sorry that he was in such strife that he turned to crime. So I should have been angry - and probably would have been if he hadn’t left the note. “It’s tough out there for some and getting worse. I’d probably have just bloody given him the money if he’d knocked on the door.” Her husband also showed immense sympathy, despite having their privacy violated and being stolen from. “I couldn’t even feel angry about it in the end. It was more or less an apology. We’re all living hard lives at the moment with inflation and the cost of living going up, it’s sad that there is someone out there going around that desperate." While showing sympathy for the offender, the victims also described the note as “strange” given they were able to rip a battery out “in a hurry” but had enough time to “write and deposit a note”. Image: NZ Herald

Legal

“I had to reach the island”: Aussie mum recalls terrifying turn on cruising scuba dive

A NSW woman has said a cruise company should have been better prepared for adverse weather after a holiday scuba dive nearly went horribly wrong. Justine Clark and her sons, 18-year-old Felix and 20-year-old Max, resurfaced from an offshore dive in Fiji to find that their boat was nowhere to be seen. The trio were on a seven-day cruise in Fiji when they went on an afternoon dive at an offshore site called The Supermarket with another cruise-goer and the divemaster, who worked for a company subcontracted by Captain Cook Cruises Fiji. Though the weather began to worsen as they travelled to the dive site, the party pushed on. "We travelled into an approaching storm and out into open waters in what appeared to be a large channel about 20 kilometres from any island," Ms Clark told the <a href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-09-21/fiji-dive-turns-into-nightmare-for-newcastle-mum-and-sons/101448116" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ABC</a>. When she resurfaced with her eldest son after a dive of about 40 minutes, she said the boat was nowhere to be seen and the weather conditions were rough. <img src="https://oversixtydev.blob.core.windows.net/media/2022/09/justine-cruise-nightmare1.jpg" alt="" width="1280" height="720" /> A tender boat took Justine Clark, her two sons, and others in their diving party to the dive site. Image: Justine Clark "No tender boat was visible on surfacing, the swell was 2 metres, it was dark with grey clouds and high wind," she said. Ms Clark, who has over 30 years of diving experience, said their divemaster was the next to surface and realise what had happened. "He was shocked at the events and stated this had never happened in his 27 years of diving," she recalled. When the divemaster then advised the group to start swimming for an island they could see in the distance, Ms Clark said she was determined to stay calm. "I can't impress how concerned I was for everyone's health, sharks and the sense of determination I had to reach the island in a calm manner," she continued. "The maternal drive in me was something I had not felt since the birth of my first son." After about 50 minutes, a small boat was spotted travelling towards the group, with the divemaster telling them to inflate their surface marker buoys so they could be seen more easily. The boat’s operator, a garbage collector who had been picking up ocean rubbish, noticed the tip of one of the buoys. "We were all smiles and I was blowing a kiss to the Fijian who saved us," Ms Clark said. They were quickly found by the tender boat driver. "He apologised and told me he was so scared and he had radioed the captain that he lost us," Ms Clark said. In a written response shared with the outlet, Captain Cook Cruises Fiji explained that the tender boat had blown away from the site, with the surface conditions making it difficult for the operator to find and follow the divers’ bubbles. The cruise operator said the situation was unprecedented and that changes were made to the “already tight” safety procedures following an internal review. Though rare, Ms Clark said cruise companies should still be prepared. "I think it's really important that operators are prepared for those situations that may be rare but can still occur," she said. It isn’t the first time bad weather has caused strife for cruise ships this year, after wild weather prevented the Coral Princess and other 20 other vessels from docking in Brisbane for several days in July, prompting 2,000 cruise passengers to be stranded onboard. Images: Justine Clark

Cruising

Europe’s 10 tourist rules you never realised you had to follow

When your entire country can be considered a work of art or priceless history, officials sometimes have to go to extremes to protect their national treasures, leading to some pretty surprising rules that you need to follow when you travel. Don't sit on the steps in Rome New tourist laws in Rome make it illegal to sit on the city’s famed Spanish Steps. The explanation: The newly renovated stairs are a centuries-old historic monument, not actually seating. The same goes for other historic stairways in the city; you can walk up and down, but don’t get comfortable by grabbing a seat or you can be issued a fine. It’s also against the law to bump your wheeled luggage and baby strollers down ancient stairs since it can destroy the stone. Even though these rules can sound pernickety, it’s become a necessity to protect the ancient highlights of the city since Italy is the country everyone wants to travel to this year. Don't wear heels in Athens Rome isn’t the only iconic city worried about preserving vintage stone; in Greece, it’s illegal to wear high heels when you’re touring storied monuments like the Parthenon and the Acropolis in Athens, or any other ancient marble and stone historic site. (They’re notoriously slippery, so we wouldn’t recommend it anyway.) Don't jump in the Canal in Venice It’s never OK to swim, or even dunk your toes, in the famous canals and lagoons in Venice; it’s against the law. Honestly, you shouldn’t even want to, it’s not all that clean. Instead, head to lovely Lido Island for beautiful sandy beaches and clean swimming waters. Fountains are not for swimming Forget what you’ve seen in movies, you’ll be in hot water if you try to splash around in Rome’s Trevi Fountain to cool off, or in any other fountain in Italy. Instead, head to the beautiful beaches of Cinque Terre or the Amalfi Coast to cool off during the summer. Don't swim in the Blue Grotto Speaking of water in Italy, if you see a sign that prohibits swimming, take it seriously. Heidi Klum and her newly betrothed Tom Kaulitz were recently fined more than $6,000 for leaping into the fabled waters of the Blue Grotto in Capri after they tied the knot on a nearby yacht. Don't snack on the go Here’s an Italian law that may catch you by surprise: It’s illegal to eat messy food in historic locations in Rome, Florence, and Venice. That doesn’t mean you can’t enjoy your gelato in a park or while you stroll down a quiet street, but you could be fined (or even removed from the city center) if you try to eat a pizza in a historic piazza or drip your ice cream onto the stones of the Coliseum. And in Greece, you can’t bring drinks, food, or gum into any historic sites, either. And please don’t cook your food in a historic site: two German tourists were actually kicked out of Venice for brewing coffee on the famed Rialto Bridge. Keep your shirt on Taking a dip in the sea in Barcelona? Don’t plan on walking around in your bathing suit once you leave the beach; wearing just a bikini or swim trunks on the street is a fineable offence here and also on the popular Spanish island of Mallorca. And men, keep your shirt on when you’re in Rome, too; it’s against the law to walk around bare-chested. Don't feed the pigeons Want to toss a few breadcrumbs to the infamous flying residents of San Marco Square in Venice? Not so fast! It’s actually against the law to feed the pesky pigeons. Same goes for the birds in Vienna, Austria, where feeding the pigeons has been a fineable offence since 2014. Keep the noise down If you’re visiting Germany, it’s illegal to make too much noise on a Sunday or holidays. And keep things down when you’re visiting Venice, too; a new law says that making too much noise at night or during siesta time (1 pm to 3 pm), is also forbidden. Don't put your mouth on the tap in Rome According to Lonely Planet, tourists will need to be especially considerate about how they drink water from Rome’s historic public drinking fountains, known as nasoni. It’s unacceptable to let your mouth touch the metal spout; instead, cup your hands under the spout to get a drink, or bring a reusable water bottle, and skip the issue altogether. Image credits: Getty Images This article originally appeared on <a href="https://www.readersdigest.co.nz/travel/travel-hints-tips/europes-10-tourist-rules-you-never-realised-you-had-to-follow?pages=1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Reader's Digest</a>.

Travel Tips

Readers respond: If everything in your house had to be one colour, what would you choose and why?

When it comes to our homes, the prominent colours can tell us a lot about our personalities. Some people prefer a neutral scheme of white, beiges and greys, while others prefer a kaleidoscope of rainbow colours. We asked our readers if everything in your house had to be one colour, what would you choose and why? Here's what you had to say. Margie Buckingham - Green-tinged white or pale grey. So calming, cool and goes with everything. Carla Blackburn - Light blue. Very calming and pretty. Jill Harker - Blue! Have a lot of blue in my home. Blue furniture, blue curtains, blue rug and lots of blue ornaments. Plus I have a blue car! Trish Stephenson - Yellow! It's my favourite colour. Valerie King - No doubt, hot pink and purple. The colours of joy and happiness. Sandra Tiplady Schellings - White, so easy to put green plants and other accessories. Wilmi Kruger - Very light grey. I just love it. Annette W Henderson McKean - My fave colour is red but I would choose a blue house as it's a more calming colour. Anita Thornton - White, and then accessorise with colours! Jan Dower - I think a pastel colour, like lavender. Natasha Devereux - Blue, and different tones of blue. It's a soothing and cheerful colour. Vicki Cooper - Blue, any and every shade, love blue so bright and sunny. Image credits: Getty Images

Home & Garden

Readers Respond: What was one struggle you had with your newborn and how did you overcome it?

Though they may be bundles of joys, caring for newborns also comes with plenty of struggles, including sleepless nights, difficulties with breastfeeding, crying, and bouts of colic. When we asked about the struggles of looking after your newborn, here’s what you had to say. Rosemary Moreland - My youngest had no idea about breastfeeding. It took a month of dedication to the art before he caught on. Moira Thurgood - My second babe cried continuously for ten months. I just had to be patient and hope things would improve. Christine Veitch - My first baby would scream and hold her breath with wind pain (when) I was breastfeeding her. I stopped eating peas and her wind went away. Mick Gilbert - Colic, she eventually grew out of it nine months later… Marianne Prendergast - Colic with the first, eczema with the second, can’t remember if there was anything with the other two. Lizze Bartlett - She didn’t sleep much and the longest would be an hour and a half. Dan Robinson - My son had colic for 14 months and all you could do is hold him. Then he got quiet. It was a nightmare but my other two boys were great. To read what else you said, head <a href="https://www.facebook.com/oversixtyNZ/posts/pfbid0NA58pWtU6rh4zU4i1ok3GFXYUPMjUMcESbHDxFpr3WfhwaAiNJMb4HdAC51yvNMQl" target="_blank" rel="noopener">here</a>. Image: Getty Images

Caring

Why can you still get influenza if you’ve had a flu shot?

Restrictions have eased, international borders are open and influenza is back in Australia after a two-year absence. Suddenly, major <a href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-06-08/medical-evacuations-as-flu-arrives-early-in-nt/101132294" target="_blank" rel="noopener">flu outbreaks</a> are occurring across the country, catching many off guard. Flu vaccinations aim to protect against four influenza viruses that cause disease in humans (two subtypes from influenza A and two from influenza B). But vaccine-mediated protection varies each year depending on how well the vaccine matches the disease-causing influenza viruses that are circulating at a given time. Vaccine effectiveness – a real-world measure based on the proportion of vaccinated people who still develop the flu – <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/flu/vaccines-work/vaccineeffect.htm" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ranges</a> from <a href="https://www.clinicaltrialsarena.com/comment/us-flu-vaccine-efficacy/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">16%</a> to <a href="https://www1.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/cda-surveil-ozflu-flucurr.htm/%24File/Vacc-efficacy-effect-impact-Oct18.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">60%</a>. However, it’s still important to get your flu shot. If you’ve been vaccinated and still get the flu, you’re <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/flu/vaccines-work/vaccineeffect.htm" target="_blank" rel="noopener">less likely</a> to get as sick. <h2>Why it’s difficult to predict which subtypes will dominate</h2> Of the four types of influenza viruses that exist in nature, two cause significant disease in humans: influenza A and influenza B. The 2022 influenza vaccine is quadrivalent (targets four distinct viruses): two influenza A viruses (subtypes H3N2 and H1N1) and two influenza B viruses from distinct lineages. Within each flu A subtype further genetic variation can arise, with mutations (known as genetic drift) generating many viral variants that are classified into “clades” and sub-clades. H3N2 is particularly good at generating lots of diversity in this way. So predicting exactly which H3N2 virus to target in the vaccine is especially difficult. A key challenge for flu vaccines is the decision for which virus to target has to be made months ahead of time. The the H3N2 virus in the Australian flu vaccine (A/Darwin/9/2021) was chosen in September 2021 to enable the vaccine to be manufactured and distributed in time for the 2022 winter. There is no guarantee a different H3N2 virus that isn’t so well targeted by the vaccine won’t arrive in the country in the months leading into winter and start causing disease. Another factor that has made predicting which H3N2 virus to target in the vaccine uniquely difficult for 2022 is the lack of data on which viruses were dominant in the preceding flu seasons, both in Australia and on the other side of the Equator. With travel restrictions easing towards the end of 2021, flu cases did start to reappear during the northern hemisphere 2021-22 winter. But the lack of flu cases during the preceding seasons (due to COVID) meant the data used to predict which viruses to target was inadequate. The US Centers for Disease Control (CDC) analysed data from more than 3,000 children and <a href="https://www.clinicaltrialsarena.com/comment/us-flu-vaccine-efficacy/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">found</a> a vaccine effectiveness of just 16% protection from mild to moderate disease from H3N2. Protection from more severe disease was just 14%. <h2>We don’t know which subtypes will circulate in Australia</h2> Data about flu vaccine effectiveness in the southern hemisphere 2022 winter isn’t yet available, and it’s unclear how protective the current vaccine is against the currently circulating disease-causing subtypes. While H3N2 viruses appears to be <a href="https://www1.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/cda-surveil-ozflu-flucurr.htm/%24File/flu-05-2022.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">driving some disease now</a>, other flu viruses may become more prevalent later in the season. The flu vaccine is a quadrivalent vaccine, so in addition to influenza A H3N2, it will protect against another influenza A subtype (H1N1) and two distinct lineages of influenza B virus. These viruses don’t change as rapidly as H3N2, so it’s more likely the vaccine will give better protection against these other influenza viruses. Even if vaccine protection against H3N2 is lower than usual this year, the vaccine <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/flu/vaccines-work/vaccineeffect.htm" target="_blank" rel="noopener">could make the difference</a> between recovering at home versus ending up in hospital. <h2>So who should get a flu shot and when?</h2> The flu vaccine offers the highest level of protection in the first three to four months months after vaccination. The season <a href="https://www.health.gov.au/health-topics/immunisation/vaccines/influenza-flu-vaccine" target="_blank" rel="noopener">generally peaks</a> between June and September – although this year we have seen a much earlier than usual start to the flu season. It’s unclear whether this early start will mean a longer flu season or an early finish. So it’s not too late to get vaccinated. Flu vaccines <a href="https://www.health.gov.au/health-topics/immunisation/vaccines/influenza-flu-vaccine" target="_blank" rel="noopener">are recommended</a> for everyone aged six months and over, but are particularly important for people who are more at risk of complications from influenza, including: <ul> <li>Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people aged six months and over</li> <li>children aged six months to five years</li> <li>pregnant women</li> <li>people aged 65 years or over</li> <li>people aged six months or over who have medical conditions that mean they have a higher risk of getting serious disease.</li> </ul> <h2>What if you still get the flu?</h2> If you develop flu symptoms, isolate and <a href="https://www.health.gov.au/health-topics/flu-influenza#diagnosis" target="_blank" rel="noopener">see your GP</a> for an influenza PCR test to determine whether you are indeed infected with influenza, particularly if you’re in the higher-risk groups. Specific antivirals for influenza <a href="https://www.health.gov.au/health-topics/flu-influenza#treatment" target="_blank" rel="noopener">can help</a>, if given early. To ensure rapid access to particularly vulnerable aged-care residents, aged-care facilities are being <a href="https://www1.racgp.org.au/newsgp/clinical/plans-ramp-up-for-tamiflu-deployment-in-aged-care" target="_blank" rel="noopener">stocked</a> with the flu antiviral drug Tamiflu. In New South Wales, free <a href="https://www.newsofthearea.com.au/4cyte-drive-through-covid-19-testing-centres-to-conduct-conduct-influenza-and-rsv-testing-94671" target="_blank" rel="noopener">drive-through clinics</a> now offer testing for influenza, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID. Other states and territories may follow. This article originally appeared on <a href="https://theconversation.com/why-can-you-still-get-influenza-if-youve-had-a-flu-shot-184327" target="_blank" rel="noopener">The Conversation</a>. Image: Shutterstock

Body

"I had visual contact with Lyn Dawson" court hears

Chris Dawson’s judge-only murder trial has aired a recording of the accused's brother-in-law, who claimed that he spotted Lynette Dawson several months after she disappeared back in 1982. A police interview that was conducted between Dawson’s brother-in-law Ross Hutcheon back in 2019 was played in the Supreme Court on Tuesday. Mr Hutcheon claimed that he saw Lynette at a bus stop opposite Gladesville Hospital up to six months after she disappeared. "She looked just like the Lyn that I knew — same colour hair, same hairstyle, same glasses. No obvious attempt to disguise herself," he said in the recording. "The other thing that convinced me … was the fact that it was opposite the hospital and she was a nurse." Mr Hutcheon, who died six weeks ago and was married to Dawson’s sister also called Lynette, had claimed to have told her about seeing the missing mother that day. However, it was reported that Mr Hutcheon had instead reported the incident to police years later in 1999 stating he had "no contact with Lynette Dawson since her disappearance". "I had visual contact with Lyn Dawson, not verbal contact," Mr Hutcheon responded. Ms Hutcheon appeared in court on Tuesday and was questioned why she hadn’t discussed the possible sighting of her sister-in-law. She told the court that other people she knew had reported sightings of Lynette Dawson months after she disappeared and it didn’t cross her mind. "My husband had seen her and I had heard that other people had seen her. I thought she had been seen by people that knew her," she said. Chris Dawson has pleaded not guilty to murdering his wife Lynette, who went missing from the family home in Sydney's Northern Beaches in January 1982. The trial continues. Images: Nine News

Legal

Readers respond: What is the best local food you've had while travelling?

We asked our well-travelled readers which country they found their favourite food in, and the responses flooded in from every corner of the globe. From pizza in Italy to street food in Singapore, here's where our readers found the most delicious cuisine. Kerry Dalgleish - There are so many but paella in San Sebastian stands out in memory. Excellent food, wonderful company and days that enriched my life. Grace Boland - We moored at a little beach in the Greek Islands - near Santorini. There was a guy cooking Lobster on a BBQ. It was amazing and only $10. Delicious!! Bob Correia - Biscuits and gravy in Topeka, Kansas. I stayed an extra day while passing through so I could have it again for breakfast! Terry O'Shanassy - Mackerel and chips at Cairns. Lorraine Waterson - Street food in Singapore. Carol Cooper - Grilled sardines on the beach in Fuegirola south Spain washed down with a nice cold beer. Marice King - A simple cheese, tomato & basil pizza in Venice eaten by the canal with a glass of vino. Colin May - In Robe, south East SA. Freshly caught crayfish, straight off the boat. Cut in half and smeared with wild garlic. Washed down with a local SA Ale. Jenny Canals - Barbecued sardines on the beach in Badalona, Spain. Cooked by the fishermen at the annual sardine festival. Washed down with a warm rum. Annette Taylor - Pastries in Brussels. Lesley Wethers - Souvlaki bought off street corners in Greece and curries in Delhi, India. Elizabeth Sorensen - Waffles in Belgium. Patricia Tebbit - Clam Chowder in Boston. Kathie Gambuto - Palermo, Sicily at a local seafood restaurant. The fixings were wonderful and we picked our own fish out of a tank. Jon Harmer - Bangers and mash with squishy green peas in a London pub. Krissy Pappis - Lobsters in Cuba, so so good! We pigged out every day. Image credits: Getty Images

Travel Tips

"I had no choice": Tragic reason why F1 boss took his own life

The heartbreaking reason why F1 boss Max Mosley committed suicide has been revealed. The 81-year-old was found dead with “significant injuries consistent with a gunshot wound”, <a href="https://www.thesun.co.uk/news/18101716/max-mosley-shot-himsel-terminal-cancer-diagnosis/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">The Sun</a> reported. On Tuesday, the Westminster Coroner in London heard that Mosley had shot himself when he was diagnosed with terminal cancer. Following his terminal diagnosis, Mosley was told that he had “weeks” to live, and there was no cure for his chronic bladder and bowel pain. He was offered palliative care. Mosley was found dead lying in a pool of his blood with a double-barreled shotgun in between his knees on May 24, 2021. Outside on his bedroom door was a note that read: “Do not enter, call the police”. Police had also found a suicide note on the bedside table that was covered in blood. The only words they could make out were, “I had no choice”, the court heard. “It was obvious he had used the shotgun on himself and endured a life-ending injury. It’s clear he had injuries not compatible with life,” the coroner said. Mosley was referred to Dr Rasha Al-Quarainy, a consultant in palliative care from the Central and North West London NHS Trust, a month before his suicide. She told the courts that Mosley’s B-cell Lymphoma was “inoperable” and that he hadn’t mentioned any suicidal thoughts. “On the contrary he said that he had plans to renovate their home in Gloucestershire that wasn’t going to be finished until July. “He was still seeking treatment possibly in the US, possibly in the UK, and some other matters he spoke to me about.” Dr Christopher McNamara, a consultant haematologist, who had been treating Mosley since 2019, said he had spoken about his life. “He emailed me on 22 May 2021, these were questions about the management of the condition. He had accepted this would not be cured,” Dr McNamara said in court. “He was extremely upset as his quality of life was poor and left him uncomfortable. “He had expressed ideas of committing suicide to myself and other members of the team previously. “He never expressed a plan of doing this and all he said was that the problem was his wife would not accept this.” Image: Getty

Caring

Could I have had COVID and not realised it?

It seems not a day goes by without learning someone in our inner circle of family, friends and colleagues has COVID. When we ask how unwell our acquaintance is, the responses vary from “they’re really crook” to “you wouldn’t even know they had it”. This is in line with studies that report moderate to severe illness in a minority of people (usually older with other risk factors) and that <a href="https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2109229118" target="_blank" rel="noopener">up to one in three positive people exhibit no symptoms</a>. Given the ubiquitous presence of this <a href="https://theconversation.com/how-does-omicron-compare-with-delta-heres-what-we-know-about-infectiousness-symptoms-severity-and-vaccine-protection-172963" target="_blank" rel="noopener">highly infectious coronavirus</a> in our community and the high rate of asymptomatic illness, those who have not been diagnosed with COVID might wonder, “how would I know if I had been infected?” And, “does it matter if I have?”. How COVID is diagnosed Most people know they’ve had COVID because they had a fever or upper respiratory tract symptoms and/or were exposed to an infected person AND had a swab test (PCR or rapid antigen) that detected the COVID virus (SARS-CoV-2) in the upper airway. At the beginning of 2022, many people with consistent symptoms or high-risk exposures were not able to access PCRs or RATs to confirm their diagnosis, but instead presumed themselves positive and quarantined. It is possible to diagnose past infection in those who never tested positive. A blood test can look for <a href="https://www.bmj.com/content/370/bmj.m3325#:%7E:text=SARS%2DCoV%2D2%20antibody%20tests%20and%20immunity,and%20memory%20against%20future%20infection." target="_blank" rel="noopener">SARS-CoV-2 antibodies</a> (also known as immunoglobulins). When we are infected with SARS-CoV-2, our immune system launches a precision counter strike by producing antibodies against viral targets, specifically the Spike (S) and Nucleocapsid (N) proteins. COVID vaccination <a href="https://theconversation.com/what-happens-when-the-covid-19-vaccines-enter-the-body-a-road-map-for-kids-and-grown-ups-164624" target="_blank" rel="noopener">induces</a> a similar immune response against the S protein only. The S antibody “neutralises” the invader by preventing the virus from attaching to human cells. These antibodies can be detected within one to three weeks after infection and persist for <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33408181/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">at least six months – potentially much longer</a>. A blood test that shows antibodies to S and N proteins indicates someone has been previously infected. Detection of antibodies to the S protein only indicates vaccination (but not infection). The problem with antibody tests Before you rush off to get a COVID antibody test, there are a few notes of caution. There is still <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/lab/resources/antibody-tests-guidelines.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">much to learn about the characteristics</a> of the immune response to COVID infection. Not everyone mounts a detectable antibody response following infection and levels can decline to undetectable levels after several months in some people. Because there are other circulating seasonal coronaviruses (such as those that cause the common cold), tests may also pick up antibodies to non-SARS-CoV-2 strains, leading to “false positive” results. Commercial and public hospital pathology labs can perform SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing, but the interpretation of results should be undertaken carefully. So, antibody testing should really only be done when there’s a good reason to: say, when confirming past infection or effectiveness of vaccination is important for the current care of an individual. Diagnosing a post-infectious complication or eligibility for a specific treatment, for example. It could also be useful for contact tracing or for assessing the background population rate of infection. <figure class="align-center "><img src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/452963/original/file-20220318-10592-1aq4y5g.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=754&fit=clip" sizes="(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px" srcset="https://images.theconversation.com/files/452963/original/file-20220318-10592-1aq4y5g.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=600&h=438&fit=crop&dpr=1 600w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/452963/original/file-20220318-10592-1aq4y5g.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=30&auto=format&w=600&h=438&fit=crop&dpr=2 1200w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/452963/original/file-20220318-10592-1aq4y5g.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=15&auto=format&w=600&h=438&fit=crop&dpr=3 1800w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/452963/original/file-20220318-10592-1aq4y5g.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=754&h=550&fit=crop&dpr=1 754w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/452963/original/file-20220318-10592-1aq4y5g.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=30&auto=format&w=754&h=550&fit=crop&dpr=2 1508w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/452963/original/file-20220318-10592-1aq4y5g.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=15&auto=format&w=754&h=550&fit=crop&dpr=3 2262w" alt="" /><figcaption></figcaption></figure> Antibody testing a population “<a href="https://www.ncirs.org.au/our-work/serosurveillance" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Seroprevalence studies</a>” test for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in repositories of stored blood that are representative of the general population, such as from a blood bank. This data helps to understand the true extent of COVID infection and vaccination status in the community (and informs our assessment of population susceptibility to future infection and reinfection). It’s more useful than daily reported case numbers, which are skewed towards symptomatic individuals and those with access to swab testing. New <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.14.21267791v2" target="_blank" rel="noopener">research</a> from the World Health Organization, which is yet to be reviewed by other scientists, reported the results of a meta-analysis of over 800 seroprevalence studies performed around the world since 2020. They estimated that by July 2021, 45.2% of the global population had SARS-CoV-2 antibodies due to past infection or vaccination, eight times the estimate (5.5%) from a year earlier. There are <a href="https://kirby.unsw.edu.au/news/how-many-australians-have-had-covid-19" target="_blank" rel="noopener">plans</a> to conduct <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2022/jan/20/blood-test-surveys-crucial-to-estimate-covid-spread-in-australia-experts-say" target="_blank" rel="noopener">fresh seroprevalence studies</a> in Australia in the coming year, which will <a href="https://academic.oup.com/ofid/article/9/3/ofac002/6517685" target="_blank" rel="noopener">update local data</a> and help us understand to what extent the Omicron wave has washed through the population. Does it matter if I have had COVID and didn’t know? For most people, knowing your COVID infection status is unlikely to be more than a topic of dinnertime conversation. While some studies have pointed to a less robust and durable antibody response following <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7454692/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">mild</a> or <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33208819/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">asymptomatic</a> infection compared with severe illness, it is not known how this influences protection from reinfection. Certainly, the knowledge we have antibodies from past infection should not deter us from being fully up-to-date with COVID vaccination, which remains the best protection against severe illness. There are reports of people with mild or asymptomatic COVID infection developing <a href="https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-2019-nCoV-Post_COVID-19_condition-Clinical_case_definition-2021.1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">long COVID</a> – persistent or relapsing symptoms that last several months after initial infection. Symptoms can include shortness of breath, physical and mental fatigue, exercise intolerance, headaches, and muscle and joint pain. However, the <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-021-01292-y.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">likelihood</a> of developing this condition appears higher in those who suffer a heavier initial bout of COVID illness. This might be linked with <a href="https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(22)00072-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">higher viral load</a> at that time. Bottom line As we enter the third year of the COVID pandemic and given that up to one in three infections may be asymptomatic, it is likely many of us have been infected without knowing it. If you are experiencing lingering fatigue, brain fog or other symptoms that could be long COVID, you should talk to your GP. Otherwise, knowing our COVID infection status is unlikely to be of much practical benefit. Antibody testing should be reserved for specific medical or public health indications. Being up-to-date with COVID vaccination is still our best defence against severe illness moving forward.<img style="border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important; text-shadow: none !important;" src="https://counter.theconversation.com/content/178630/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic" alt="The Conversation" width="1" height="1" /> <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/ashwin-swaminathan-1308612" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Ashwin Swaminathan</a>, Senior Lecturer, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/australian-national-university-877" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Australian National University</a> This article is republished from <a href="https://theconversation.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener">The Conversation</a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href="https://theconversation.com/could-i-have-had-covid-and-not-realised-it-178630" target="_blank" rel="noopener">original article</a>. Image: Getty Images

Body

A new Covid variant has emerged: Can you get it if you’ve had Covid already?

Health authorities have expressed their concern over the spread of a new variant of COVID-19, with NSW Premier Dominic Perrottet saying they would “tailor settings” if needed. A new subvariant of Omicron, called BA.2, has been recorded across the globe and is the dominating strain in at least 18 countries. Currently, the BA.1 Omicron variant remains the top strain in NSW and Victoria, though NSW Health Minister Brad Hazzard said BA.2 could quickly overtake it and cause cases to double within the next four to six weeks. Other states, including Victoria, are expected to follow suit. It comes as both NSW and Victoria recorded a drop in cases on Friday after experiencing 16,288 and 7779 new cases on Thursday. Appearing on Sunrise, Mr Perrottet said that boosters were the best protection against the new variant, and that authorities would “tailor settings” if required. “The best thing we can do is get boosted,” he <a href="https://7news.com.au/news/coronavirus/ba2-omicron-covid-variant-rapidly-sweeping-the-globe-and-could-see-cases-double-in-nsw--c-6013296" target="_blank" rel="noopener">said</a>. “The virus is not going away.” BA.2 explained The Omicron variant of Covid, the dominant version circulating around the world, is made up of several subvariants called BA.1, BA.2, BA.3 and BA.4, with BA.1 and BA.2 being the most common. These two subvariants differ in their genetic sequences, with some studies finding BA.2 has a growth advantage over BA.1. <a href="https://theconversation.com/coronavirus-variants-viral-mutation-and-covid-19-vaccines-the-science-you-need-to-understand-153771" target="_blank" rel="noopener">According to Richard Kuhn</a>, a professor of biological sciences at Purdue University, a variant with a growth advantage is better than the original virus, meaning it can evolve and be “successful” at spreading. In a <a href="https://www.who.int/news/item/22-02-2022-statement-on-omicron-sublineage-ba.2" target="_blank" rel="noopener">statement</a>, the WHO pointed to initial data suggesting BA.2 appears to be more transmissible than BA.1, though the difference between them is less stark than the difference in transmissibility of Omicron BA.1 versus the Delta strain. Can I get BA.2 if I’ve already had Covid? Though studies investigating BA.2 are ongoing, some initial data suggests that people who have been infected with the Omicron variant are protected from reinfection with BA.2 “for the limited period for which data are available”. In a <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.19.22271112v1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Danish study</a>, which is yet to be published or peer-reviewed by other scientists, they sequenced samples from 263 people who had been infected with COVID-19 twice between November 11, 2021 and February 11, 2022. Of these, 47 were found to have contracted BA.1 first and BA.2 second, 50 contracted the same variant twice, and 140 contracted BA.2 after they were infected with Delta. Out of those 47 people, the majority were unvaccinated, under the age of 20, and experienced mild symptoms. The WHO’s Technical Advisory Group on SARS-CoV-2 Virus Evolution (TAG-VE) also considered data from South Africa, the UK, and Denmark to assess the severity of disease caused by BA.2, finding that there was no “reported difference” between it and BA.1. Image: Getty Images

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Nearly 1 in 3 adults over 65 had a new condition post-Covid

<a href="https://www.scimex.org/newsfeed/almost-1-in-3-older-adults-develop-new-conditions-after-covid-19-infection" target="_blank" rel="noopener">New research</a> from the US has found that almost a third of older adults who caught COVID-19 went on to develop at least one new condition that required medical attention. The study, published in <a href="https://www.bmj.com/content/376/bmj-2021-068414" target="_blank" rel="noopener">The BMJ</a>, discovered that 32 out of every 100 adults over 65 that they studied went on to develop any of a range of conditions that affected the heart, kidney, lungs or their mental health after they were first infected. In comparison, only 21 percent of those in the control groups - who didn’t catch Covid - developed a new condition. To understand the risk of additional illness older adults faced after a COVID-19 diagnosis, the researchers used health insurance records to identify 133,366 people over the age of 65 who were diagnosed with the virus before April 1, 2020. These individuals were matched to three control groups from 2020, 2019, and a group diagnosed with a viral lower respiratory tract illness (RTI), which included the flu, viral bronchitis and non-bacterial pneumonia. The team then recorded any persistent or new conditions 21 days after a diagnosis of Covid, and calculated the excess risk of developing these conditions due to Covid based on age, race, sex and whether patients were treated for the virus in a hospital. When compared to the 2020 and 2019 non-covid groups, patients who had Covid were at more risk of developing conditions including respiratory failure (an extra 7.55 percent), fatigue (5.66 percent higher), high blood pressure (an extra 4.43 percent), and a mental health diagnosis (2.5 percent more) However, the difference between Covid patients and those with a viral lower RTI was much smaller, with risks of respiratory failure, dementia and fatigue being higher. Additionally, the team found the risk of developing several conditions was higher for those who were men, black, or over the age of 75. Though this is only an observational study, the researchers argue it is important to understand the health risks the millions of people who have had Covid face. “These findings further highlight the wide range of important sequelae (new conditions) after acute infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus,” they wrote. “Understanding the magnitude of risk for the most important clinical sequelae might enhance their diagnosis and management of individuals. “Also, our research can help providers and other key stakeholders anticipate the scale of future health complications and improve planning for the use of healthcare resources.” Image: Getty Images

Body

"I had to lie for him": Ben Roberts-Smith’s ex drops bombshell

Ben Roberts-Smith’s ex-wife <a href="https://au.news.yahoo.com/roberts-smiths-ex-wife-unloads-163118252.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">has testified</a> against the SAS soldier, saying she was pressured to lie for him or lose her children.Emma Roberts wiped away tears on her first day of giving evidence after detailing the breakdown of her marriage to Mr Roberts-Smith which resulted in a series of fiery text messages with a friend.“I’m actually feeling so f***ing angry today,” one message read.“I want to punch the f***ing c*** in the face,” another said.The messages came nine days after Mr Roberts-Smith “left” for good.It was also several months after Ms Roberts found out about his affair with a woman codenamed Person 17, she said.The woman turned up unannounced on Ms Roberts doorstep, “crying a lot” and saying she had fallen pregnant with Mr Roberts-Smith, and revealing a black eye under dark sunglasses.“I asked why she was not seeing him (any more). She kept pointing to her black eye and said, ‘because of this’,” Ms Roberts told the court.Her testimony comes as the case between Mr Roberts-Smith and Nine newspapers continues, as the Victoria Cross recipient is suing The Age, The Sydney Morning Herald, and The Canberra Times for defamation in relation to a series of articles claiming he committed war crimes in Afghanistan between 2006 and 2012.Ms Roberts said her former husband said “I was to lie” if allegations ever surfaced in the press in relation to the encounter with Person 17.She recalled telling him she didn’t want to lie, and that he then pointed to their children.“If you don’t lie, you will lose them.”“I knew at that point I had to lie for him,” she said.After the affair was revealed in a news article, Ms Roberts said she was asked to pose for a photo accompanying a front-page story in The Australian, saying the couple had separated at the time.Though she denied suggestions from Mr Roberts-Smith’s barrister that they had separated at the time of the article’s publication, her relationship with Mr Roberts-Smith drew to a close in January 2020.When money began to be withdrawn from their joint bank account at the time, she said she suspected it was being stashed in their garden.But, when she did dig in the soil she found a pink lunchbox containing several USBs in duffel bags, which she gave to a friend who downloaded the contents to a laptop.“I said ‘I do not want to see what’s on them’,” she told the court, recalling that she returned the box to the ground.She also testified to seeing Mr Roberts-Smith downloading photographs of his time in Afghanistan onto his laptop, before watching him douse it in petrol and set it alight.Ms Roberts denied that she was prompted by anger to fabricate stories to harm her former husband.She will continue to give evidence as the trial progresses. Image: Nine News

Legal

What if your phone could tell you if you had COVID?

Timely and reliable access to COVID testing <a href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-01-05/covid-testing-pcr-delays-rat-test-supply-issues/100738982" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" data-type="URL" data-id="https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-01-05/covid-testing-pcr-delays-rat-test-supply-issues/100738982">has been a source of pain across Australia in recent weeks</a>. High demand, high infection rates and an overwhelmed workforce have seen long queues and delayed results for <a href="https://cosmosmagazine.com/health/ask-cosmos-how-reliable-are-pcr-tests/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" data-type="URL" data-id="https://cosmosmagazine.com/health/ask-cosmos-how-reliable-are-pcr-tests/">‘gold-standard’ PCR tests</a>. <a href="https://cosmosmagazine.com/health/covid/rise-of-rapid-antigen-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" data-type="URL" data-id="https://cosmosmagazine.com/health/covid/rise-of-rapid-antigen-testing/">Rapid antigen tests</a> – if you can find and afford one – will give you a quicker result, but they’re less sensitive than PCR. Not to mention, inserting a swab into your nose doesn’t get any more fun the more times you do it.<div class="copy">But what if there were a COVID test you could do at home using just a saliva sample, your smartphone and an inexpensive diagnostic kit? Similar speed to a rapid antigen test – similar accuracy to a PCR test. (And no nasal swab in sight.)That’s the innovation promised by a paper <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.45669" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">published</a> today in the journal JAMA Network Open.In the paper, a team of US-based researchers describe the performance of a new system to test for infection with SARS-CoV-2 and influenza viruses. The technique is called smaRT-LAMP (smartphone-based real-time loop-mediated isothermal amplification).Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is a technique that, <a href="https://cosmosmagazine.com/science/what-is-pcr/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">similar to PCR</a>, uses primers and a polymerase to amplify (make copies of) DNA. If DNA from a virus is present in a sample, the LAMP will pick it up. Because influenza and SARS-CoV-2 genomes are made of RNA, there’s an extra step called <a href="https://cosmosmagazine.com/science/how-is-rt-pcr-used-to-diagnose-covid-19/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" data-type="URL" data-id="https://cosmosmagazine.com/science/how-is-rt-pcr-used-to-diagnose-covid-19/">reverse transcription</a> to convert the RNA into DNA before it’s amplified – this is also the case for PCR tests.However, unlike PCR, LAMP is isothermal – meaning it works at a constant temperature. By contrast, PCR works by heating the sample to a very high temperature to separate the DNA strands, lowering the temperature to allow primers to bind to the exposed DNA, then raising the temperature slightly again to allow the new DNA copies to be extended – and repeating this process over and over again. That means you need specialised – and expensive – thermal cycling equipment for PCR, whereas LAMP can get by with just a hot plate to maintain a constant temperature.Finally, the smaRT-LAMP system uses a smartphone’s camera and an app to detect whether the target virus is present in the saliva sample. A fluorescent dye in the reaction binds to the amplified DNA and is stimulated by an LED light, and the fluorescence is captured by the smartphone’s camera. The system can return a result within just 25 minutes – not too much longer than the 15 minutes required for current rapid antigen tests.It’s also affordable, at an estimated US$7 (about $10) per smaRT-LAMP test, compared to US$10–20 ($14–28) per rapid antigen test and US$100–150 ($140–210) per PCR test.<div class="newsletter-box"><div id="wpcf7-f6-p180588-o1" class="wpcf7" dir="ltr" lang="en-US" role="form"> </div></div>Of course, you need to BYO smartphone, but that’s much more accessible than the thermal cyclers needed for PCR.“Smartphones are ideally suited to meet the need for low-cost, widely accessible clinical POC [point-of-care] diagnostic tools, with smartphone global use estimated at nearly half the world’s population,” the paper’s authors noted.In the study, the researchers tested the smaRT-LAMP system on saliva from 50 people – 20 who had tested positive to SARS-CoV-2 and 30 who had tested negative in PCR tests within 12 hours of sample collection. The participants had all presented to hospital with flu-like symptoms or shortness of breath.The study found that the smaRT-LAMP results matched perfectly with the PCR results – everyone who tested positive or negative with one test had the same result for the other. smaRT-LAMP could also detect SARS-CoV-2 with high specificity against six other coronaviruses, and could detect RNA from the Alpha, Gamma, Delta, Epsilon and Iota variants of SARS-CoV-2. It’s also expected to be able to detect the <a href="https://cosmosmagazine.com/health/covid/omicron-update-170122/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" data-type="URL" data-id="https://cosmosmagazine.com/health/covid/omicron-update-170122/">Omicron variant</a>, although this has not yet been tested.Furthermore, the smaRT-LAMP system could detect influenza with high sensitivity and specificity, simply by using different primers to target the different virus – handy as COVID-19 and flu share many symptoms.However, the primary goal at the moment isn’t convenient at-home testing for individual patients. Instead, the researchers were hoping to create a tool that could overcome testing challenges in healthcare settings, especially in countries with fewer technological and financial resources to handle the pandemic.“The plan was to bring state-of-the-art diagnostics to resource-limited settings,” explains corresponding author Michael J Mahan, a professor at the University of California, Santa Barbara.“We have provided the app and technology open-source and freely available to help reduce the world’s inequities.”That’s not to say that the system couldn’t one day be adapted for home use.“The next phase of the research is to develop low-cost, home-based testing,” says Mahan.<img id="cosmos-post-tracker" style="height: 1px!important;width: 1px!important;border: 0!important" src="https://syndication.cosmosmagazine.com/?id=180588&title=What+if+your+phone+could+tell+you+if+you+had+COVID%3F" width="1" height="1" /></div><div id="contributors"><a href="https://cosmosmagazine.com/health/covid/smart-lamp-smartphone-covid-test/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">This article</a> was originally published on <a href="https://cosmosmagazine.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Cosmos Magazine</a> and was written by <a href="https://cosmosmagazine.com/contributor/matilda-handlsey-davis" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Matilda Handsley-Davis</a>. Matilda is an Editorial Assistant at Cosmos.Image: Getty Images</div>

Technology

Federer’s children “had no idea” he was a tennis champ until recently

Though Roger Federer may be considered the greatest tennis player of all time, his four kids <a rel="noopener" href="https://honey.nine.com.au/parenting/roger-federer-reveals-his-kids-had-no-idea-he-was-a-tennis-champion/08f55e0e-dada-49b2-9d2b-a102e5694ecf" target="_blank">had no idea</a> about his fame until recently. The champion player recently revealed that his kids “didn’t know” about his success in tennis, and “don’t care” about it. The usually private Federer spoke about his family life in an interview with Ringier, including how he told his kids what he did for work and his struggles getting them to be interested in the sport. “My victories have never been an important topic at home,” he said. Federer shares two sets of twins with his wife Mirka: 12-year-old girls Myla and Charlene, and seven-year-old boys Leo and Lenny. Though Mirka has often been spotted matchside cheering her husband on, their kids have only appeared a handful of times - which may be contributing to their lack of knowledge around their dad’s success. <img style="width: 500px; height: 281.25px;" src="https://oversixtydev.blob.core.windows.net/media/7846484/federer-kids1.jpg" alt="" data-udi="umb://media/880b789ad05e4064afe34263e298c3f9" /> Mirka Federer with all four of her kids watching their dad play in the 2019 Wimbledon Men’s Singles Final. Image: Getty Images “For a long time, my four children had no idea what I had achieved during my tennis career,” he said in the interview. But when they did find out through their friends, he said they were “literally speechless”, despite their lack of interest in playing tennis for themselves. “I have tried to promote tennis at my household with playing a lot of matches against Rafa, Novak and everybody but my kids don’t care,” he shared. “They need daddy home from the practice or from the matches. “You see very quickly if kids like to play with the ball or go running outside. I think you see the differences very quickly.” Federer recently announced he would miss next year’s Australian Open, as he recovers from knee surgery. The 40-year-old had two knee operations in 2020 which have majorly impacted his playing, but he says he is more concerned about day-to-day life. “I had this operation done so that I could ski with my children or play football or tennis in the future,” he said. “My primary motivation was to get back in shape for my normal life.” Images: @rogerfederer (Instagram) / Getty Images

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