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How an AI grandma is combating phone scams

<p>Fraudsters frequently target the elderly for scams, so one company took matters into their own hands and created an AI grandmother who tricks phone scammers. </p> <p>At first glance Daisy looks like every other grandmother, with hobbies like knitting, a cat named Fluffy and loves talking about her family among other things. However, the AI chatbot is designed to trick phone scammers into thinking they are speaking to a real person. </p> <p>The AI, created by British mobile phone company O2, is designed to combat fraud, and while Daisy doesn't intercept any calls, she has a list of phone numbers used by UK scammers. </p> <p>Daisy's mission “is to talk with fraudsters and waste as much of their time as possible with human-like rambling chat to keep them away from real people,” the company said in a statement unveiling Daisy earlier this month. </p> <p>Her tactics have kept “numerous fraudsters on calls for 40 minutes at a time." </p> <p>Developed in partnership with London advertising agency VCCP, Daisy uses a custom language model to hold autonomous conversations with scam callers in real time. </p> <p>Her voice was modelled on a staff member's grandmother. </p> <p>“Whilst anyone can be a victim of a scam, criminal fraud gangs often target the elderly so we leaned into scammers’ own biases to create an AI granny based on a real relative of a VCCP employee,”  the agency said in a statement. </p> <p>“Over the course of many hours of scam calls she’s told meandering stories of her family, talked at length about her passion for knitting and provided false personal information including made-up bank details.”</p> <p>Last year, Virgin Media O2, blocked more than £250 million ($A487.5 million) in suspected fraudulent transactions, which is roughly equivalent to stopping one every two minutes. </p> <p>According to the telecommunications company, Daisy was developed in response to research revealing that the top reason why the British public wouldn’t bait scammers themselves is because they don't want to waste their own time. </p> <p>“With scammers operating full-time call centres specifically to target Brits, we’re urging everyone to remain vigilant,” commented Murray Mackenzie, Virgin Media O2’s director of fraud.</p> <p>Daisy, has "all the time in the world", and the video's unveiling her character, showed just how positive her work has been. </p> <p>“It’s nearly been an hour!” one exasperated scammer said over the phone. </p> <p>Another fraudster said: “I think your profession is bothering people.” </p> <p>The chatbot replied: “I’m just trying to have a little chat.”</p> <p><em>Image: O2</em></p> <p> </p>

Legal

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6 ways to combat headaches without painkillers

<p><em>Marissa Sandler is the CEO and co-founder of Careseekers. Previously a social justice lawyer and researcher for over 15 years, Marissa is passionate about helping people live with dignity and finding innovative solutions to problems.</em></p> <p>According to Headache Australia 5 million Australians suffer from headaches. Although most of us reach over for the painkillers whenever a headache strikes there are ways to combat headaches that don’t involve any medication at all.</p> <p>Headaches are rarely a one-off event and that is why although it is helpful to explore the different non-medicinal cures at the same time you need to look at prevention. If you don’t address the reasons you get headaches, no sooner have you got rid of one headache, you will be on the path to another one.</p> <p><strong>If a headache does strike here are some things you can try to cure it:</strong></p> <ol> <li>Have a rest in a cool, dark room</li> <li>Alternating hot and cold therapies – place an ice pack on your head or have a warm bath or switch from one to the other</li> <li>Take a walk in the fresh air</li> <li>Get a massage</li> <li>Peppermint oil on your temples, foreheads and wrists will alleviate tension headaches</li> <li>Acupuncture has been known to help the most vicious of migraines</li> </ol> <p>Headache Australia has lots of tips to minimise the number of headaches you experience. Their advice is based on understanding when headaches strike, knowing what causes them and then making lifestyle changes to reduce the causes.</p> <p><strong>Understand when headaches strike</strong></p> <p>Keep a headache diary – on the days you experience a headache make sure you note down what you ate, what exercise you did (if any) what was going on emotionally for you (was it a stressful day?) how much alcohol you consumed etc.</p> <p><strong>Know what causes them</strong></p> <p>By identifying precipitating factors that cause headaches – this includes the amount of sleep, environmental factors like amount of light and noise you are exposed to, diet, physical exertion</p> <p><strong>And then… make lifestyle changes</strong></p> <p>If lots of sugar causes headaches you will need to cut the sugar, if its alcohol you may look at cutting down the number of drinks you have in a week.</p> <p>If stress causes tension headaches you will need to reduce the stress in your life, this is obviously easier said than done but when it comes to stress you can only control your reaction. Take yourself out of situations you know cause you additional stress or distance yourself from people that cause you undue stress.</p> <p>Alternatively plan for stressful periods, if you know you have a stressful week at work try and make other aspects of your life not stressful or make sure you make time to go for a walk or eat healthy food.</p> <p>This all cannot happen if you don’t take responsibility for your headaches, understanding headaches are something that happens within you and not to you may empower you to take control of your headaches and make changes to reduce their occurrence and severity.</p> <p><em>Images: Getty</em></p>

Body

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5 changes to make around the home that combat depression

<p>Dealing with depression is difficult no matter what environment you’re in, but studies show there are certain steps you can take around the house to improve your mental health. Here are 5 activities you can do and changes you can make to your home that will boost your mood in no time at all.</p> <p><strong>1. Get gardening</strong></p> <p>Whether or not you’ve got a natural green thumb, spending time in nature, getting your hands dirty and breathing in that fresh air has been <a href="http://www.pnas.org/content/112/28/8567.abstract" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">scientifically proven</span></strong></a> to lower feelings of despair. No backyard or front yard? No worries. Simply putting plants on your balcony, windowsill or around the house can be beneficial. <a href="http://www.oversixty.com.au/lifestyle/home-garden/2017/01/plants-that-will-make-your-home-happier/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Here’s a list of plants</span> </strong></a>that will clear the air, calm you down and even help you sleep.</p> <p><strong>2. Bring the outside in</strong></p> <p>Having a view lets in lots of light, which benefits your circadian rhythm and naturally boosts your mood, but if you don’t have a bright, scenic view, there are ways around it. “There are some beautiful murals, including decals that are easy to hang, that you might put on a wall in your living room,” Dr Jean M. Larson tells <a href="http://www.preventionaus.com.au/gallery/7-simple-changes-to-your-home-that-fight-depression-474471" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Prevention</span></strong></em></a>. “You want to pick something that's familiar and pleasing.”</p> <p><strong>3. Light up</strong></p> <p>As we mentioned above, light is essential (particularly in the morning) for those suffering depression – especially those affected by seasonal affective disorder. Try to get as much natural light in the morning as possible, otherwise you can install a light box which provides the same light produced by the sun but without all those nasty UV rays.</p> <p><strong>4. Get painting</strong></p> <p>Painting your walls a bright, warm colour like orange or red can “evoke feelings of happiness or optimism,” according to interior designer Suzanne Falk. These colours are most widely associated with happiness, but colour preference is personal, so whatever colour makes you happy is the one you should go for. If painting isn’t an option, try the same thing with art, furniture, rugs, throws and décor.</p> <p><strong>5. Express yourself</strong></p> <p>Decorate your space with constant reminders of the people and things that make you happy. Whether it’s a painting by one of your grandchildren, a photo from your favourite holiday or one of your pet’s toys lying around, it’s always good to have something to bring you back up when you’re feeling down.</p> <p><em>Image credit: Shutterstock</em></p>

Mind

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Naturally combat the onset of diabetes

<p dir="ltr">Pre-diabetes is the period before diabetes is officially diagnosed. Progressing from pre-diabetes to diabetes is not imminent. There are plenty of ways you can get on top of it to reduce the risk of diabetes. </p> <p dir="ltr" role="presentation"><strong>1. Cut out sugar and refined carbohydrates </strong></p> <p dir="ltr">Eating foods high in refined carbs and sugar increases blood sugar and insulin levels, which could lead to diabetes over time. Examples of these foods are white bread, potatoes and various breakfast cereals. Limit sugar and choose complex carbs like veggies, oatmeal and whole grains.</p> <p dir="ltr"><strong>2. Quit smoking</strong></p> <p dir="ltr">If you’re a current smoker, cut it out! Smoking can contribute to insulin resistance which can lead to type 2 diabetes. Quitting smoking has been shown to reduce the risk of developing type 2 diabetes over time.</p> <p dir="ltr"><strong>3. Portion control</strong></p> <p dir="ltr">Avoid large portions as they can contribute to the increase of insulin and blood sugar levels. Eating too much at one time can lead to higher blood sugar and insulin levels in pre-diabetics.</p> <p dir="ltr"><strong>4. Exercise</strong></p> <p dir="ltr">Aim for at least 30 minutes of exercise a day. You don’t have to strain yourself, you can take a walk, go swimming or dance around the house, but make sure you stay on top of it and practise these activities at least five days a week. </p> <p dir="ltr"><strong>5. Drink more water</strong></p> <p dir="ltr">Drinking water over other beverages may help control blood sugar and insulin levels. Drinking primarily water will stop you from over consuming beverages that are high in sugar and preservatives, in turn reducing the risk of diabetes.</p> <p dir="ltr"><strong>6. Eat more fibre</strong></p> <p dir="ltr">Getting an adequate amount of fibre is beneficial for gut health and weight management. Having a good source of fibre at each meal can help prevent spikes in blood sugar and insulin levels. </p> <p dir="ltr"><em>Image credit: Shutterstock</em></p>

Body

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Combating loneliness: How to meet new friends

<p>Many of us will feel lonely at some point in our lives. It’s that sadness that comes from being by yourself or feeling disconnected from the people around you. For some it’s fleeting, for others it becomes entrenched and damaging. </p> <p>Several recent studies indicate loneliness is set to reach epidemic proportions by 2030. Experts say it’s as bad for us as smoking 15 cigarettes a day. </p> <p>Britain has even appointed a minister for loneliness. A <a href="https://www.jocoxloneliness.org/pdf/a_call_to_action.pdf">report published by the Jo Cox Commission</a> showed nine million people “always or often feel lonely” and 200,000 older people in the UK have not had a conversation with a friend or relative in more than a month. </p> <p>Here at home, we have the <a href="http://endloneliness.com.au/">Australian Coalition to End Loneliness (ACEL)</a>. Inspired by the work of the <a href="https://www.campaigntoendloneliness.org/">UK’s Campaign to End Loneliness</a>, the ACEL aims to address loneliness in Australia. </p> <p>The good news is that feeling lonely is nothing to be ashamed of – the research is clear that millions of people are in the same boat. </p> <p>“Being connected to others socially is widely considered a fundamental human need,” says one of the most prominent researchers in the field, Julianne Holt-Lunstad, PhD, professor of psychology at Brigham Young University in the United States. “It is crucial to both wellbeing and survival.” </p> <p><strong>“Help, I’m lonely!"</strong> </p> <p>A community member recently asked if we have any suggestions on how to overcome loneliness. </p> <p>“I'm a young 50s and love doing things but I'm lonely. I have lost close friends due to them moving away. I have lost the contact with people. I think I'm a loner – help me. What groups could I join to meet people?” </p> <p>Here are some ideas for meeting new friends: </p> <p><strong>1. Volunteering</strong><br />Volunteering is all about helping others, but it also benefits you personally – it offers the chance to make new friends, try a different career field, and explore your local area.</p> <p>Organisations that help refugees, the homeless, people with disabilities, disadvantaged youths or the elderly are numerous. Such organisations include <a href="http://mealsonwheels.org.au/">Meals on Wheels</a>, <a href="https://www.thesmithfamily.com.au/">The Smith Family</a>, <a href="http://www.salvationarmy.org.au/">The Salvation Army</a>, <a href="https://youthoffthestreets.com.au/">Youth Off The Streets</a>, <a href="https://www.midnightbasketball.org.au/">Midnight Basketball Australia</a>, <a href="https://www.sacredheartmission.org/">Sacred Heart Mission</a>, <a href="https://www.blackdoginstitute.org.au/">Black Dog Institute</a>, <a href="http://guidedogsaustralia.com/">Guide Dogs Australia</a>, and <a href="https://www.lifeline.org.au/">Lifeline Australia</a>. </p> <p>The State Emergency Service (SES) in your state and <a href="http://stjohn.org.au/">St John Ambulance Australia</a> often put a callout for volunteers. </p> <p>Wildlife rescue groups, such as <a href="https://www.wires.org.au/">WIRES </a>in NSW, and animal welfare organisations like the <a href="https://rspca.org.au/">RSPCA</a>, always appreciate an extra pair of hands – check the parks and wildlife service in your state. The NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service, for example, is seeking volunteers for historic and cultural heritage tours, and for their threatened species and bush regeneration programs. </p> <p>If you enjoy working in customer service, try the local <a href="https://shop.oxfam.org.au/volunteer">Oxfam Shop</a>, <a href="https://www.redcross.org.au/get-involved/connect/volunteer">Red Cross</a> or <a href="https://www.savethechildren.org.au/take-action/volunteer">Save the Children op shop</a>. Libraries need volunteers to help with stocktake to maintain the toy library and to deliver books to library customers. For music lovers, community radio stations are often run by volunteers – you might even have the chance to host your own show. </p> <p>Major events also provide exciting opportunities for volunteers, so keep an eye out for big events that are coming to your town or city. Film, music and fashion festivals are often looking for volunteers. </p> <p>For more information, contact your local council or visit <a href="http://www.volunteering.org.au/">Volunteering Australia</a>. </p> <p><strong>2.</strong> <strong>Fitness classes</strong></p> <p>If you’re into group exercise, you have a potential social network right in front of you. Try golf, tennis, dragon boat racing, rowing, squash, salsa classes, ballroom dancing, badminton, ocean swimming, sailing, aqua aerobics or yoga — or find a walking group via the <a href="http://walking.heartfoundation.org.au/">Heart Foundation Walking network</a>.</p> <p><strong>3.</strong> <strong>Hobbies</strong></p> <p>Do you like gardening, films, model airplane flying, bird watching, photography, chess, creative writing, clay target shooting, knitting, bridge, quilting, cooking or reading? Look in your local area for groups, clubs or classes that you could join.</p> <p>Car fanatics could join a club, such as a classic car club. For motorcyclists, the <a href="http://www.ulyssesclub.org/">Ulysses Club</a> is a social group for people aged over 40 years. Its motto is “grow old disgracefully”. </p> <p>For the community or politically minded, you could attend local council meetings. And don’t forget your local <a href="https://mensshed.org/">Men’s Shed</a>, which provides a space to work on practical projects while enjoying some good old-fashioned mateship. </p> <p><strong>4.</strong> <strong>Faith-based groups</strong></p> <p>Churches and religious organisations tend to host a lot of social gatherings outside of their regular services, offering golden opportunities to meet people with similar beliefs. </p> <p><strong>5.</strong> <strong>Virtual spaces</strong></p> <p>Facebook, Instagram and other social networks can be used as a way to connect with old friends, make new ones, and keep up with what’s happening in your community.</p> <p>If you want to learn more about computers or social media, ask at your local library or visit a local computer club. The <a href="http://www.ascca.org.au/">Australian Seniors Computer Clubs Association</a> lists over 130 clubs for older Australians – one might be in your area. </p> <p><strong>6.</strong> <strong>Meetups</strong></p> <p><a href="http://www.meetup.com/">Meetup.com</a> is a nifty site that offers users the chance to join groups, known as Meetups, based on their location and interests. Examples of groups you can join include “Monopoly Players”, “More Bakeries Than Cycling Touring Club”, “Women’s Social Club”, and “French Movie Group”. If you can’t find a group that interests you, create your own!</p> <p><strong>7. Online dating</strong></p> <p>The major online dating sites are <a href="https://www.rsvp.com.au/">RSVP</a>, <a href="https://www.eharmony.com.au/">eHarmony</a>, <a href="https://au.match.com/">Match</a>, <a href="https://www.oasisactive.com/">Oasis Active</a>, <a href="https://www.pof.com/">Plenty of Fish (POF)</a>, <a href="https://www.zoosk.com/">Zoosk</a> and <a href="https://tinder.com/">Tinder</a>.</p> <p>A good place to start might be with eHarmony, as it caters for a large number of older users. Billed as “Australia’s most trusted online dating site”, it offers specific dating advice for seniors. Of course, there are scams out there, so keep your wits about you. </p> <p><strong>8. Lions and Rotary Clubs</strong></p> <p><a href="http://lionsclubs.org.au/">Lions </a>and <a href="http://rotaryaustralia.org.au/">Rotary </a>do a lot of good in their local communities and further afield. Lions’ motto is “where there’s a need, there’s a Lion”. Rotary is made up of members “who strive to make the world a better place”.</p> <p><strong>9. Returning to work</strong></p> <p>Working doesn’t have to be about the money. If you are in need of an outlet for mingling, going back to work could be the answer. Perhaps you could ask your former workplace about casual work or approach your local Bunnings Warehouse – the hardware chain encourages older workers back in to the workforce.</p> <p>Former teachers might register for substitute teaching and pet lovers could advertise pet sitting or walking services. If you love weddings, why not become a marriage celebrant? </p> <p>Adore children? Ask parents you know if they need babysitting or someone to pick their kids up after school. Crafty? How about a market stall? Too many veggies in the garden? Try selling them at a farmer’s market. A spare bungalow, caravan or room could be decorated and listed on <a href="https://www.airbnb.com/">Airbnb</a>. </p> <p>Other ideas include freelance writing, consulting or selling your photos on a microstock site such as <a href="https://www.gettyimages.com/">Getty Images</a>. </p> <p><strong>10. Pets</strong></p> <p>They are known as man’s best friend but having a dog can help you socialise more with people. A study by the University of Western Australia found “pet owners were significantly more likely to get to know people in their neighbourhood whom they didn’t know previously, compared with non-pet owners”.</p> <p>Published in <em>PLOS ONE, </em><a href="http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0122085"><em>The Pet Factor – Companion Animals as a Conduit for Getting to Know People, Friendship Formation and Social Support</em></a><em> </em>concluded that dog owners were more likely to get to know people in their community than owners of other pets, such as cats or birds. </p> <p><strong>11. Reconnecting with old friends</strong></p> <p>Make a list of people that you remember fondly and reach out to them by phone, email or Facebook. If they live nearby, invite them out for coffee, and if they are interstate or overseas, send a short email – who knows, one day you might take a trip and meet up with them.</p> <p>Don’t assume old friends have forgotten about you just because they haven’t been in touch – they may have been juggling work and parenting in their 30s and 40s, making it hard to stay in touch. Most likely, they will be pleased to hear from you. </p> <p>What have you done to combat feeling lonely? Share you experiences and ideas below. </p> <p><em>Written by Leah McLennan. Republished with permission of </em><a href="https://www.wyza.com.au/articles/lifestyle/wyza-life/combating-loneliness-how-to-meet-new-friends.aspx"><em>Wyza.com.au</em></a><em>.</em> </p> <p><em>Image: Getty</em></p>

Retirement Life

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Six tricks to combat air travel sickness

<p dir="ltr">If there’s one thing that's guaranteed to ruin a travel experience, it’s unexpected motion sickness, as there's nothing worse than feeling ill and not being able to escape until you land.</p> <p dir="ltr">Experts at Travel Lens have shared their holy grail tips for people to do before and during their flights to help reduce air sickness travel symptoms. </p> <p dir="ltr">Airsickness, otherwise known as motion sickness, is caused when the body receives conflicting information from the eyes, ears and muscles in regards to movement.</p> <p dir="ltr">This confuses the brain, which can cause nausea, fatigue and dizziness.</p> <p dir="ltr">"Air sickness is very common and with plenty of holidays still to come this year, it's important that people can enjoy them fully without the added stress of feeling ill on the plane," a spokesperson told <a href="https://travel.nine.com.au/latest/travel-advice-tricks-to-combat-airsickness-on-flights-expert/91e42ab8-ae9b-4b5a-a0f2-88525ee38886#1">9Honey</a>.</p> <p dir="ltr">"For some people, sickness may be a persistent problem when travelling, but there are certain things that can be implemented to help ease any symptoms.”</p> <p dir="ltr">"Whilst on the plane it's important to stay as calm as possible and by making small adjustments you can reduce the effects of airsickness."</p> <p dir="ltr"><strong>Select your seat mindfully</strong></p> <p dir="ltr">Your position on a plane has a drastic effect on how much movement you can expect throughout your journey. </p> <p dir="ltr">Typically the middle, the wing and closer to the front of the plane are the best places to sit as this is where the journey feels most stable. </p> <p dir="ltr">Try to avoid the back of the plane as seats further back can be subject to more turbulence.</p> <p dir="ltr"><strong>Put the book and screens down</strong></p> <p dir="ltr">While reading or watching is a great way to pass the time on a flight, focusing on these forms of entertainment can only exacerbate the feeling of motion sickness. </p> <p dir="ltr">The best thing to do instead of reading or watching something is to try to relax and focus on breathing.</p> <p dir="ltr"><strong>Avoid alcohol</strong></p> <p dir="ltr">Many people are inclined to indulge in an alcoholic drink on a plane, however the effects of drinking while travelling are often less than desirable. </p> <p dir="ltr">Alcohol can dehydrate the body quickly and this can exacerbate symptoms, so it may be best to opt for a soda. </p> <p dir="ltr">Wait until symptoms have completely subsided before you consider having a drink or until you land.</p> <p dir="ltr"><strong>Use mint and ginger</strong></p> <p dir="ltr">Some studies have suggested consuming ginger before heading off on a flight can help to stop feelings of nausea. </p> <p dir="ltr">Whether it's taken as a supplement, in raw form or even as a can of ginger beer, it's definitely worth a try.</p> <p dir="ltr">The same can be said for peppermint, so taking a packet of breath mints in your carry-on is a must. </p> <p dir="ltr"><strong>Choose your food wisely</strong></p> <p dir="ltr">While plane food is always a bit of a gamble, it's a good idea to eat before boarding. </p> <p dir="ltr">Steer clear of greasy and spicy foods as these can unsettle an already nervous stomach.</p> <p dir="ltr">And make sure you stay hydrated!</p> <p dir="ltr"><strong>Get comfortable</strong></p> <p dir="ltr">Instead of staying upright for your whole flight, take advantage of a slight recline in your seats (just don’t forget to talk to the person sitting behind you first!)</p> <p dir="ltr">Consider taking a travel pillow to ease the strain on the neck throughout the flight and put any unnecessary items in the overhead storage to ensure the most comfortable environment for dealing with any sickness symptoms.</p> <p dir="ltr">Use the blankets provided and tune out any noise, and focus on deep breathing until you arrive safely at your destination. </p> <p dir="ltr"><em>Image credits: Getty Images</em></p>

Travel Tips

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5 tips to combat fatigue

<p>A good night’s sleep consisting of 7-8 hours’ sleep should prepare us for the day ahead but, as we know, this isn’t always the case! One of the most common causes of fatigue and waking unrefreshed is sleep apnoea. If your fatigue is really affecting the quality of your life, it is vital you have an assessment for this condition. If sleep apnoea or some other medical condition, such as anaemia or a thyroid disorder has been excluded, cardiologist <span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><a href="http://www.drrosswalker.com/">Dr Ross Walker</a></strong></span> recommends these five tips for easing fatigue.</p> <p><strong>1. Cut the caffeine</strong><br />Your day should begin when you get out of bed – not when you’ve had your coffee. While coffee can be the pick-me-up you need to start your morning, you shouldn’t need it. If you’re feeling fatigued you might need to cut out the caffeine. Rather than going cold turkey, and experiencing those awful headaches, try to gradually cut back on your caffeine intake.</p> <p><strong>2. Supplementation</strong> <br />If you’re getting enough sleep, exercising, eating well, and cutting out the caffeine but still feeling fatigued you might need to bring in a little help. Ubiquinol is a powerful antioxidant, that is vital to providing energy and relieving the body from oxidative stress. Ubiquinol is also found naturally in our bodies, but unfortunately depletes in levels after the age of 30, so it’s worth discussing supplementation with your healthcare practitioner.</p> <p><strong>3. Move it</strong><br />While you might feel tired and worn out after a brisk walk or a swim, you’ll feel more energised in the long run. Many people think exercise can cause fatigue, but there are numerous studies that indicate exercise actually boosts energy and increases the efficiency of your muscles, lungs and heart.</p> <p><strong>4. Eat well</strong><br />When refuelling your car, you fill it to the top – not with the bare minimum to get you down the road – so why would you do that to your body? While sugary foods can give you an immediate boost, your energy will soon run out and you’ll be left feeling tired and hungry. Food is fuel to your body which is why it’s important to nourish yourself with natural and healthy foods to ensure you have a full tank, and run like a well-oiled engine. </p> <p><strong>5. De-stress</strong><br />Finally, fatigue may actually be a result of ongoing stress. Meditation, yoga, spending time with friends and family, and listening to music are calming activities that help minimise stress and, in the long term, fight off fatigue.</p> <p><em>Consult your healthcare practitioner to find out which supplement is right for you. Always read the label. Use only as directed.</em></p> <p><em>Image: Getty</em></p>

Body

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Scientists find “important missing piece” to combat COVID-19

<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Two teams of scientists from Queensland and the US have co-developed a new antiviral treatment that could effectively kill COVID-19.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The “gene-slicing” treatment has been dubbed an “important missing piece” in the arsenal combating the virus.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Professor Nigel McMillan and his team from the Menzies Health Institute at Griffith University, along with scientists from the US City of Hope research centre, said this “next-generation” approach could stop the virus from replicating in the lungs.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Professor McMillian said stage one clinical trials found the treatment reduced the viral load - the amount of viral cells in blood - in mice lungs by 99.99 percent. </span></p> <blockquote class="twitter-tweet"> <p dir="ltr">🎉🎉Congratulations to MHIQ's Professor Nigel McMillan, Professor Kevin Morris and their research team, on their discovery of an anti-viral treatment that can cut COVID-19 viral load by 99.9%. 👏👏<br />Read the full article:<a href="https://t.co/YPs1SdZIvw">https://t.co/YPs1SdZIvw</a> <a href="https://t.co/hcguACVfrv">pic.twitter.com/hcguACVfrv</a></p> — MenziesHealth (@MenziesHealth) <a href="https://twitter.com/MenziesHealth/status/1394800019815878656?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">May 18, 2021</a></blockquote> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Traditional antiviral treatments such as Tamiflu and remdesivir reduce symptoms and help people recover faster, but this new technology directly attacks the virus’ genome, using small interfering RNA (siRNA) to stop the virus from replicating.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The siRNA will be delivered to the lungs using lipid nanoparticles designed at Griffith University and City of Hope.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Professor McMillan said the treatment was quite effective in their mouse trials.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">“Treatment with virus-specific RNA reduces viral load by 99.99 percent,” he said.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">“These stealth nanoparticles can be delivered to a wide range of lung cells and silence viral genes.”</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">When the nanoparticles are injected into the bloodstream, they head straight for the lungs and go into “just about every lung cell”.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">“Where there’s a virus, it will find it, bind to the genome and destroy it,” Professor McMillan told ABC News.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">“This is kind of like taking the engine out of your car. The car won’t go anymore. The virus is dead, it can’t replicate anymore.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">“It doesn’t do anything to normal cells.”</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Though the scientists are yet to determine how late into the disease they could treat someone, Professor McMillan told ABC News that the animal studies were encouraging.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">“This allows the immune system to come and clean it all up and give you that ultimate cure … With that sort of reduction in viral load, people won’t transmit the virus and have a good chance of recovery,” he said.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Because the treatment “targets ultra-conserved regions in the virus’ genome”, it can work on the original SARS virus, SARS-CoV-2 (which causes coronavirus), and any new variants.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The researchers are hoping to progress to the next stage of the trial by the end of the year, and if proven effective, the treatment could be available commercially by 2022.</span></p> <p><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">Image credit: Menzies Health Institute / Twitter</span></em></p>

Body

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4 ways to combat rat problems in the garden

<p>Controlling rats is as ambitious as understanding the meaning of life, and if some higher power gave me a call on Monday morning and offered me either, I know which one I’d take. That’s because we like a bit of mystery and until recently there was a fair bit of mystery in our veggie patch. Then we started finding rats.</p> <p>To survive and indeed flourish (and then perhaps take over the world), rats need food, water and shelter. In a veggie patch, food and water are givens, but shelter – for a rat – can take a number of different forms. Buried in a sequence of tunnels throughout the soil, or nestled in the warm depths of your compost bin perhaps or, as was the case on our rooftop garden (Federation Square Pop Up Patch), within the polystyrene pods we used to reduce the loading on the car park.</p> <p>The first sign was finding plants that had seemingly been pulled out and then thrown back on the soil, as if an act of vandals. Rats have an annoying habit of eating the stem base of mature plants – that of parsley, silverbeet (Swiss chard) and beetroot (beets) in particular – until they are felled to the ground, like a pine tree harvested for timber in a forest. The second sign was finding hundreds of dislodged polystyrene balls underneath that crate when we moved it, and the third and final giveaway was dropping it too swiftly with the pallet jack and dislodging three rats from underneath.</p> <p>When you have a rat problem, it is a problem that requires action. So what are your options?</p> <p><span style="text-align: center;"> </span><img width="498" height="245" src="https://oversixtydev.blob.core.windows.net/media/45273/image__498x245.jpg" alt="Image_ (20)" style="text-align: center;"/></p> <p><strong>1. Hygiene</strong></p> <p>Keep your garden as hygienic as possible. Pick fruit regularly and don’t let it overripen. Don’t leave mess in the garden – need to make the place as neat as humanly possible. That includes cleaning the BBQ of all those delicious-smelling meaty oils (for a rat, that is). We know that keeping things clean is a real task for a lot of people, but the threat of a plague of rats (rather than the usual jibes by your partner) should be enough to send you into action.</p> <p><strong>2. Fortification</strong></p> <p>Next, fortify the patch. Simple netting will be a deterrent for the lazy rat, but those with a bit more determination will chew right through or burrow underneath - like the ones that tunnelled under concrete to find an entrance to our compost bin. For the netting to be truly effective, it will need to be wire mesh and will have to extend underground, too. It’s a lot of work, but it’s worth it.</p> <p><strong>3. Scent bombs</strong></p> <p>You can try any number of scent bombs that will work with varying success, depending on the tastes of your rats (yes, yours). Try dipping cotton balls into a peppermint concentrate (like the one you use for desserts) and place them around their housing spots. Another more effective scent is ammonia. Mix 1 tablespoon of liquid detergent, ¼ glass of water and 1 glass of ammonia and place where they frequent.</p> <p style="text-align: center;"><img width="498" height="245" src="https://oversixtydev.blob.core.windows.net/media/45272/image__498x245.jpg" alt="Image_ (19)"/> </p> <p><strong>4. Predators</strong></p> <p>Finally, enlist some hunters. We’ve always found that our rat problem has hinged on the amount of time our neighbourhood cat has spent around our property. When she’s hanging out and happy, the rats seem to go on vacation. However, when she finds a better place to reside – as is the case now – they quickly return. If you’re not a cat person, perhaps consider that they are the number one predator for rats. Cats can be a powerful ally.</p> <p><img width="148" height="187" src="https://oversixtydev.blob.core.windows.net/media/45271/grow-food-anywhere-cvr_148x187.jpg" alt="Grow Food Anywhere CVR" style="float: right;"/></p> <p><em>This is an edited extract from </em>Grow. Food. Anywhere.<em> by Mat Pember &amp; Dillon Seitchik-Reardon published by Hardie Grant Books RRP $45 and is available in stores nationally. Image credit: John Laurie</em></p>

Home & Garden

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5 ways caregivers can combat depression

<p>Caregivers are often seen as strong, stoic people, with much outside attention paid to the person for whom they care. But we know that, while possessing inexpressible strength, caregivers are also <a href="http://www.deakin.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0020/274520/Carers-lit-review.pdf" target="_blank"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">more likely to suffer from depression</span></strong></a>. Some of the symptoms of depression include:</p> <ul> <li>Feelings of sadness or hopelessness</li> <li>Loss of interest in most activities that bring pleasure – sports, hobbies, etc</li> <li>Change in appetite</li> <li>Anxiety or restlessness</li> <li>Feelings of worthlessness, guilt, or failure</li> <li>Frequent or recurring thoughts of death and/or suicide</li> <li>Slowed thinking, speech, and movement</li> </ul> <p>Recognising and naming depression in yourself can be a difficult and scary task, but once you have, the important next step is finding ways to look after yourself. Here are some ways you can combat depression as a caregiver.</p> <p><strong>1. Make time for you</strong></p> <p>As much as caregiving can feel like a job that needs to be performed every hour of every day, that’s not a realistic expectation to set for yourself. Organise respite for yourself by asking for help from family or friends, or finding a local day care. Then use that time to do something that you love – see a movie, go out to dinner, go on a bushwalk, or just spend time in the garden.</p> <p><strong>2. Stronger together</strong></p> <p>Never underestimate the value of having someone you can talk to who understands exactly what you’re going through. Find a support group, whether physical or online, that works for your situation. Communities will usually have support groups for caregivers, as well as for people suffering from depression.</p> <p><strong>3. Don’t be bullied by your thoughts</strong></p> <p>That nasty little voice we all have inside of us can be infinitely louder for people suffering from depression. The voice, which often sounds like our own, will whisper things like, “you’re useless”. Training yourself to counter that voice is a good way to combat the feelings of negativity. Next time you hear that voice chime in, think to yourself, “I’m not useless – I’m doing something invaluable for someone I love because I am a strong, caring person.”</p> <p><strong>4. Keep a diary</strong></p> <p>Writing down your thoughts can be therapeutic, as well as provide you with a useful tool when looking for patterns in your own behaviour and thoughts. Going back over your recollections can help you address behaviours and recognise scenarios that make you feel worse. Finding these triggers can help you avoid or eliminate them.</p> <p><strong>5. Speak to your doctor</strong></p> <p>If you feel like your depression is too much for you to handle on your own, then it is important that you speak to a professional about it. Depression is an illness, and should be treated as such. It is not weakness to ask for help – it is brave. Your GP should be your first stop. They may have a specialist to whom they can refer you to see.</p> <p>Do you have other resources you use to cope as a caregiver? Share them in the comments.</p>

Caring

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Can curry combat Alzheimer’s?

<p>Exciting research has revealed a new weapon in the fight against Alzheimer’s, and it’s probably the last thing you’d think of: curry.</p> <p>Over the past few years, a number of studies have been conducted into possible preventative measures against Alzheimer’s disease, and it seems curry powder (the herb turmeric in particular) could be the secret to keeping your memory on track over 60.</p> <p>It’s thought that curcumin, a substance found in turmeric which possesses antioxidant properties, might counteract the disease. Early research shows that curcumin could help prevent inflammation and oxidative stress, both of which are believed to be major factors in the development of the disease. In fact, it may even be used to treat those in the early stages of Alzheimer’s, as it could stop the build-up of brain plaque and the breakdown of nerve cells.</p> <p>The give yourself the best chance of avoiding the disease (but keep in mind it is impossible to prevent it altogether), combine turmeric intake with a healthy lifestyle, looking after both your physical and mental health and consuming omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin D.</p> <p>While the current research is rather conflicting and no tests have been carried out on humans, there is hope that one day a breakthrough may be found in discovering a link between turmeric and Alzheimer’s. But a bit of extra curry can’t hurt, right? See the links below for our favourite curry recipes!</p> <p><strong>Related links:</strong></p> <p><a href="/lifestyle/food-wine/2016/05/spicy-beef-curry-with-cauliflower-rice/"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><em><strong>Spicy beef curry with cauliflower rice</strong></em></span></a></p> <p><a href="/lifestyle/food-wine/2016/04/potato-and-pea-curry/"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><em><strong>Potato and pea curry</strong></em></span></a></p> <p><a href="/lifestyle/food-wine/2016/04/goan-coconut-lamb-curry/"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><em><strong>Goan coconut lamb curry</strong></em></span></a></p>

Caring

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Diet tricks to combat arthritis

<p>I sat down in an armchair in our new house – we'd moved in a few days earlier – and realised that my thumb was aching, painfully.</p> <p>That was seven years ago. Over the next few days and weeks, the aches spread. I couldn't use my hands as normal. Getting lids off jars was impossible. I put it down to the stress of moving home and work – my husband and I run a yacht design business and had just relocated from London to Lymington in Hampshire. I was exhausted.</p> <p>Two weeks later, I suffered what I now know was a full-blown rheumatoid attack. Every joint in my body ached, I couldn't get up from my chair or drive, as raising my arms to steer was impossible. I climbed stairs like someone much senior to my age. I was only 43.</p> <p>My husband, Richard, and daughter Charlotte, then aged eight, were worried, too. I went to a chiropractor, who sent me straight to a GP. After three months of to-ing and fro-ing, I was diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis, an autoimmune disease in which the immune system attacks the cells that line the joints, making them swollen, stiff and painful.</p> <p>The rheumatologist gave me a steroid injection followed by ongoing steroids (prednisolone), then put me on methotrexate, a disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug that is also used in higher doses in chemotherapy. It blocks the immune system from attacking the joints, slowing the progress of the disease and preventing pain. Within a few weeks, the pain had subsided, I could function again. It was a huge relief.</p> <p>But I was worried about the long-term effects of the medication. Methotrexate can affect the liver and compromise the immune system, and can cause side effects such as nausea, diarrhoea, headache and irritability.</p> <p>I had to have my liver function tested every two months. My white blood cell count dropped and I was getting coughs and colds, a sign that my immune system was weak. So, after a year, I asked my rheumatologist how long I'd have to remain on the medication. "For life," was his reply.</p> <p>That horrified me. So what caused my illness? He thought stress could be partly to blame, but didn't suggest any lifestyle changes that might help, nor that diet could be linked with inflammation. I therefore did some research of my own.</p> <p>I'm half-Italian and was brought up on a healthy Mediterranean diet with plenty of olive oil and vegetables. In my twenties and thirties, though I still ate my five-a-day, I ate out a lot. I wasn't fat but I ate too many processed foods, too many refined carbohydrates, such as bread, pasta and biscuits.</p> <p>The more I looked into the latest research challenging the status quo, the more convinced I became of the link between certain foods and inflammatory conditions.</p> <p><strong>Eating too many refined foods can starve the body of important minerals. </strong></p> <p>Sugars-in particular, fructose, which is found in all sugar, both processed or natural, and in many foods as well as fruit juices - triggers the release of inflammatory messengers called cytokines, which drive inflammatory diseases. I learnt that modern eating habits - too many processed foods, carbohydrates, sugars and a severe lack of fibre - were leaving us overfed but at the same time starved of vital vitamins and minerals, which could be driving diseases such as cancer, Type 2 diabetes and, indeed, arthritis.</p> <p>So I cut out sugar, bread, anything containing refined flour and substituted it with chickpea flour. I avoided mayonnaise and food cooked in cheap vegetable oils, all too high in pro-inflammatory omega-6 polyunsaturated fat; instead, I opted for quality grass-fed butter or coconut oil (in moderation), along with plenty of steamed vegetables served with cold olive oil, as my Italian grandparents used to do.</p> <p>I began preparing homemade bone broths and chicken stocks, and making my own sauerkraut, which is full of probiotics - live bacteria and yeasts that enhance the immune system. I ate only fresh wholefoods. Diversity and moderation were my watchwords.</p> <p>Within weeks, I felt better. I slept soundly, my skin cleared and my energy levels soared. I swam five days a week and walked as much as I could.</p> <p>But I didn't know for sure whether my efforts were helping my arthritis, as the methotrexate was still masking the symptoms. So, after three years, I stopped taking it. To my relief, the symptoms had entirely gone. I was pain-free and remain so, four years later. These days, I don't take any medication - not even paracetamol.</p> <p>I still savour the joy of being able to take the stairs two at a time, drive, walk, swim, cook and work. I'll never take good health for granted again.</p> <p>Today, at 50, I feel happier, calmer, more energetic and focused than I have done in years. When you take a holistic approach, rather than trying to fix specific symptoms with medication, you fix your whole body.</p> <p>I decided to only eat fresh wholefoods in order to beat her rheumatoid arthritis</p> <p>I'm not anti-medication. It really helped initially, stopping further joint damage, stabilising my condition and giving me time to help myself.</p> <p>Frustrated by the confusion all around us on health and nutrition, I wrote a book condensing the expert advice and information I gathered in my six year-journey of research.</p> <p>I hope it will help others to learn how to protect them from inflammation, which, I believe, is the driving force of many modern western diseases. If we eat the right things, we can all be less fearful about our health. I'm living proof.</p> <p><strong>Dietary changes that can ease the pain of inflammation</strong></p> <p><strong>Omega-3s</strong></p> <p>A study funded by Arthritis UK suggested that a diet rich in long-chain omega-3 fatty acids – found in fish oils – could help. Try two portions of oily fish – such has salmon, trout, mackerel, sardines and fresh tuna (but not tinned) – per week.</p> <p><strong>A Mediterranean diet</strong></p> <p>A 2012 publication analysing findings from several studies found that foods high in olive oil, omega-3-rich fish, and fruit and vegetables could have a protective effect.</p> <p><strong>Avoiding sugar</strong></p> <p>Processed sugars can trigger the release of inflammatory messengers called cytokines, according to a study published in <em>The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition.</em></p> <p><strong>Cutting out trans fats</strong></p> <p>A study by Harvard School of Public Health found that trans fats – which are found in fast, processed and fried foods – can trigger systemic inflammation.</p> <p><strong>Healthy gut bacteria</strong></p> <p>A British study is investigating how the amount and quality of bacteria in the gut and mouth can affect the immune system, causing inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis.</p> <p><em>Written by Marina Young, first appeared on <a href="/Stuff.co.nz" target="_blank"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Stuff.co.nz</span><span style="text-decoration: underline;">.</span></strong></a></em></p> <p><strong>Related links:</strong></p> <p><a href="/lifestyle/family-pets/2016/05/my-mother-battled-polio-here-is-what-it-taught-me/"><strong><em><span style="text-decoration: underline;">My mother battled Polio. Here’s what it taught me</span></em></strong></a></p> <p><a href="/health/body/2016/02/nutrients-that-ease-arthritis-symptoms/"><em><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Ease symptoms of arthritis with these 3 nutrients</span></strong></em></a></p> <p><a href="/health/body/2016/02/natural-pain-relief-at-home/"><em><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Natural pain relievers in your kitchen cupboard</span></strong></em></a></p>

Body

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7 research-backed strategies to combat ageism

<p>In a society that values the cult of youth, it can be difficult not to fear getting older. But the way people treat you as you age not only influences your own perceptions of getting old but it can actually accelerate the ageing process. Cassey University’s Craig Fowler and colleagues believe the key to successful ageing is to resist the ageism and ageist messages that pervade society.</p> <p>According to Foweler’s research, the key to combat ageism is to create environments where we can age well. It acknowledges that most people feel uncertain about getting older, which creates both negative and positive feelings. If you create positive “ageing spaces” you're more likely to be less susceptible to ageism and feel much better about the ageing process. Here are seven strategies to help you create your positive ageing space. </p> <p><strong>1. Feel optimistic about getting older:</strong> Research from Yale University shows that the more positive and optimistic you are about ageing and the prospects of getting older, the longer you live.</p> <p><strong>2. Don’t attribute all behaviour to age:</strong> There’s a tendency to blame any kind of mistake when you’re older to the effects of ageing. But commonly there’s things that could happen to anyone at any age. Labelling yourself as old can lead yourself and others to treat you as less than mentally capable.</p> <p><strong>3. Refrain from ageing jokes:</strong> They’re meant to be jokes but they’re often just reinforcing ageist negative stereotypes, which could lead to self-fulfilling prophecies.</p> <p><strong>4. Plan for your future needs:</strong> Don’t pretend life won’t change in the future. You need to be willing to confront reality to plan and get ready for the changes that might affect you as you age.</p> <p><strong>5. Learn new technologies:</strong> There’s a prevailing belief that older people can’t learn new tricks, which is just not true. Not only does learning new things stimulate the brain, but defies ageist steretoypes.</p> <p><strong>6. Call out ageism when it happens:</strong> Help people who spout ageist remarks or jokes to see the folly of their ways by pointing out instances where it happens, and not just ignoring the comments.</p> <p><strong>7. Resist the anti-ageing industry:</strong> The unhappier you are about getting older, the more you’ll be susceptible to the “promises” of the anti-ageing industry.</p> <p><strong>Related links: </strong></p> <p><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><a href="http://www.oversixty.co.nz/health/mind/2016/04/10-signs-youre-too-self-critical/"><em>10 signs you’re too self-critical</em></a></strong></span></p> <p><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><a href="http://www.oversixty.co.nz/health/mind/2016/04/simple-ways-to-ease-anxiety/"><em>5 simple ways to ease anxiety</em></a></strong></span></p> <p><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><a href="http://www.oversixty.co.nz/health/mind/2016/04/why-we-should-let-go-of-the-pursuit-of-perfect/"><em>Why we should let go of the pursuit of perfect</em></a></strong></span></p>

Mind

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Top tips to combat seasickness on a cruise

<p>Seasickness is like the Police Academy film series. Not fatal, but not a lot of fun.</p> <p>And it can be the death knell of an enjoyable cruise experience. So instead of bemoaning the fact that you’re feeling a bit queasy on your cruise (unless it has less to do with the sea sickness and more to do with the 20 prawn cocktails you ate at the buffet) take advantage of the remedies mentioned in this article and start feeling better.</p> <p><strong>Drug remedies</strong></p> <p>There’s a range of options available if you’re a serious seaksickness sufferer. Over the counter drugs that help fight seasickness include:</p> <ul> <li>Dramamine</li> <li>Meclizine</li> <li>Diphenhydramine</li> </ul> <p>Most ships will have versions of this freely available if you haven’t managed to get out to a pharmacy prior. When you’re taking these drugs though it’s important to remember there are side effects which can be exacerbated by alcohol.</p> <p><strong>Drug-free remedies</strong></p> <p>That being said, if you’re not a big fan of taking drugs you don’t have to be sad and sea sick on a luxury cruise. There are a range of useful drug-free remedies that many regular cruisers swear by, including:</p> <ul> <li>Sea-Band wristbands, an easy-to-wear acupressure-inspired product with a plastic bead that presses against a pressure point on the palm side of your wrist. It might sound a little bit kooky, but tonnes of regular cruise goers swear by the system.</li> <li>Ginger, which studies have found to alleviate nausea associate with motion sickness.</li> <li>Green apples and crackers. Again, sound kooky, but many cruisers swear by them.</li> </ul> <p><strong>Other tips</strong></p> <p>There are a number of tips also designed to help you acclimatise yourself to sea life:</p> <ul> <li>Spending plenty of hours on the deck at the start of your cruise.</li> <li>Booking an outside cabin in the middle of the ship – the natural balance point.</li> <li>Having a window that gives you a consistent view of the horizon point.</li> <li>Picking a large, modern ship or a cruise with a port intensive itinerary.</li> </ul> <p><strong>Related links:</strong></p> <p><em><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><a href="http://www.oversixty.co.nz/travel/cruising/2015/12/most-luxurious-cruising-suites-in-the-world/">12 most luxurious cruising suites in the world</a></strong></span></em></p> <p><em><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><a href="http://www.oversixty.co.nz/travel/cruising/2016/01/images-from-the-golden-age-of-cruising/">10 images from the golden age of cruising</a></strong></span></em></p> <p><em><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><a href="http://www.oversixty.co.nz/travel/cruising/2015/12/cruising-by-yourself/">8 reasons to go on a cruise by yourself</a></strong></span></em></p>

Cruising