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4 strategies to keep you from overspending this holiday season

<p><em><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/johanna-peetz-1494248">Johanna Peetz</a>, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/carleton-university-900">Carleton University</a></em></p> <p>The urge to spend money is present all year round, but during the gift-giving season, the temptation to splurge on loved ones can be particularly strong. For many, the desire to be generous during the holidays clashes with the need to conserve funds for essential expenses.</p> <p>This year, money is tighter than ever, with <a href="https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/daily-quotidien/231121/dq231121a-eng.htm?indid=3665-1&amp;indgeo=0">high prices for groceries, housing and entertainment</a> leaving shoppers with reduced funds as the holiday season descends upon us.</p> <p>A growing number of individuals are feeling the financial squeeze, with 40 per cent of Canadians <a href="https://www.bnnbloomberg.ca/financial-stress-is-impacting-the-mental-health-of-canadians-survey-1.1933491">citing money as their main source of stress</a>. <a href="https://newsroom.bmo.com/2023-11-08-78-Per-Cent-of-Canadians-Plan-to-Cut-Back-on-Holiday-Spending,-but-a-Third-Will-Still-Give-Back-to-Charitable-Causes-BMO-Survey">Seventy-eight per cent of Canadians</a> plan on buying fewer gifts this holiday season and 37 per cent are worried they won’t be able to afford all the items on their holiday shopping lists.</p> <p>Given that <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.790434">pricier gifts are not necessarily more appreciated by the person receiving the gift</a>, what are some ways shoppers can resist the temptation of appealing, yet expensive, gift options that might strain their finances?</p> <p>As a social psychologist who studies personal spending, I think it is worthwhile to remind ourselves of self-control strategies that can help us manage financial decisions during the holiday season.</p> <h2>Strategies for resisting temptation</h2> <p><a href="https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691615623">Self-control is not just suppressing temptation</a>; it also involves setting yourself up for success by creating situations that make resisting temptations easier.</p> <p><strong>1. Avoid temptations</strong></p> <p>Perhaps the most obvious strategy is to avoid shopping temptations. This may include steering clear of places — both physical and online — that are out of your budget range. While this is easier said than done during gift shopping, it’s an effective way to manage temptations: People who report having an easier time with self-control <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2014.09.031">tend to avoid rather than resist temptations</a>.</p> <p><strong>2. Make a budget</strong></p> <p>If you haven’t sat down to make a holiday budget yet, it’s never too late to make one. Considering one-quarter of Canadians are <a href="https://globalnews.ca/news/10087745/canadian-holiday-spending-debt/">still paying off last year’s holiday debts</a>, being as fiscally responsible as possible is a wise choice this year.</p> <p>Setting spending limits ahead of time makes your financial goals clear and explicit. When setting budgets for gifts <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/jcr/ucad011">people tend to spend the entirety of the estimated amount (unlike budgets for personal purchases where they try to come in under the budget)</a>. It’s good to be realistic, rather than optimistic, when setting budgets.</p> <p><strong>3. Implementation intentions</strong></p> <p>Anticipate any potential shopping temptations you are likely to encounter so you can develop strategies to resist them. One effective approach is <a href="https://kops.uni-konstanz.de/server/api/core/bitstreams/14cc2a36-5f01-4dc1-b9ca-f2d0ca0c8930/content">forming intentions</a> about how you will act once you encounter a temptation.</p> <p>For example, you might consider what you will do when you see a gadget your friend would enjoy when you have already bought them something and have reached the limit of your budget. Instead of purchasing it and exceeding your budget, you could write down the gadget for next year’s gift.</p> <p><strong>4. Write a list</strong></p> <p>Finally, thinking ahead to the gifts you plan to buy and writing a shopping list rather than relying on being inspired in the store might help with sticking to a budget. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11747-019-00670-w">Consumers spend thousands each year on impulse purchases</a>. Writing shopping lists, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/cb.1812">even for online shopping</a>, can reduce overall spending and shopping regret.</p> <h2>The best strategy is the one that works</h2> <p>The holidays should be about joy, not financial stress. Maintaining self-control allows you to celebrate without compromising your financial well-being.</p> <p>There are of course many strategies beyond the four strategies listed here that can help create situations where resisting temptations is easier. The most effective strategies for maintaining financial self-control <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2021.104189">are the ones you are already using</a>, and the ones <em>you</em> find most effective. If you want to avoid giving in to shopping temptations, take a moment to think about the financial strategies you are already using and think about how you might use them in your holiday shopping.</p> <p>If you haven’t yet found a strategy that works for you, now is a great opportunity for you to try some out and see which ones are effective. Using strategies to manage the cost of holiday spending can prevent gift-giving from becoming a financial stressor in an already stressful time.</p> <p>Finally, while adhering to a budget is important, it shouldn’t be the sole or primary focus during holiday shopping. Keep in mind that the true spirit of the season is spending quality time with loved ones. The joy of the holidays doesn’t come from extravagant gifts, but from shared moments and meaningful connections.<img style="border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important;" src="https://counter.theconversation.com/content/219380/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic" alt="The Conversation" width="1" height="1" /></p> <p><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/johanna-peetz-1494248"><em>Johanna Peetz</em></a><em>, Professor in Psychology, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/carleton-university-900">Carleton University</a></em></p> <p><em>Image credits: Getty Images</em></p> <p><em>This article is republished from <a href="https://theconversation.com">The Conversation</a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href="https://theconversation.com/4-strategies-to-keep-you-from-overspending-this-holiday-season-219380">original article</a>.</em></p>

Money & Banking

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How to care for ageing parents: Strategies for the sandwich generation

<p><strong>The burden of the sandwich generation</strong></p><p>Mum hurt her foot. That’s the only detail you can lure out of her over the phone, which right now makes the distance between the two of you feel that much farther. She’s limping and doesn’t want to go to a doctor. </p><p>Instead, she wants you to look at it, ignoring the fact that you have a full-time job, two kids and, oh yeah, you live three hours away. Sound familiar? Managing the seniors in your life, whether it’s helping them through their health problems or clearing up insurance issues, is the burden of the sandwich generation.</p><p>So how can you care for ageing parents when you’re far from home and juggling the responsibility of raising your own family? Here are some strategies from professional caregivers that can help you to help them – even if you live on opposite sides of the country.</p><p><strong>Make a plan for senior care before it becomes an issue</strong></p><p>“The older generation can be secretive, but the sandwich generation is more open and aware that communication is important,” says Karen Seebach, a nurse advisor with a caregiver support service. </p><p>“You need to have a conversation in advance about what they would like to do as they age. Do they want to stay in their home? Does someone have power of attorney? These conversations are very important to start early on.”</p><p><strong>Read between the lines</strong></p><p>Dad says he’s fine on the phone, but you suspect he’s not taking his medications. The litmus test? Look for a change in the way he communicates. </p><p>“If a parent is usually chatty and has become quieter, that’s something you need to pay attention to,” says Luanne Whitmarsh, chief executive officer at an organisation assisting seniors. Inconsistent communication from your ageing parent is a red flag that warrants deeper investigation.</p><p><strong>Create a support network</strong></p><p>You might be tempted to take the day off work to check out that sore foot your mum was complaining about – and you’re not alone. Many caregivers who live more than a half day’s travel away from their ill parent are missing full days of work to help provide care. </p><p>Instead, get to know the people who interact with your ageing parents day to day. “Become familiar with the neighbours or a house cleaner or something like that,” suggests Whitmarsh. “This way, they can give you the real information you may not be getting.”</p><p><strong>Research senior outreach services</strong></p><p>“The more isolated a senior becomes, the more risk there is,” says Joanne Toller, senior fund developer with a seniors resource group. </p><p>She suggests doing homework on behalf of your ageing parents to find outreach services in their area or organisations that can provide referrals to services that can help seniors with day-to-day tasks. These might include driving services, foot care clinics (look for brochures at doctor’s offices and walk-in clinics) and meal delivery services. </p><p>More support can be found by making inquiries with the local municipal government, service clubs and churches.</p><p><strong>Speak with your own doctor</strong></p><p>Mum’s sounding much more confused lately and you’re worried about dementia. You could call your mum’s physician to discuss the issue, or, as Whitmarsh suggests, you could express your concerns to your own doctor, with whom you already have a relationship. </p><p>Explain what you’ve observed and share the contact information for your mother’s doctor. “Doctor to doctor, they have a way better way of communicating and have a given level of trust,” Whitmarsh says.</p><p><em>Image credits: Getty Images</em></p><p><em>This article originally appeared on <a href="https://www.readersdigest.co.nz/true-stories-lifestyle/relationships/how-to-care-for-ageing-parents-strategies-for-the-sandwich-generation" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Reader's Digest</a>. </em></p>

Family & Pets

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7 science-based strategies to cope with coronavirus anxiety

<p>As the SARS-CoV-2 virus continues its global spread and the number of diagnosed COVID-19 cases continues to increase, anxiety related to the outbreak is on the rise too.</p> <p><a href="https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=jlev7ekAAAAJ&amp;hl=en&amp;oi=ao">As a psychologist</a>, I am seeing this in my practice already. Although feeling anxiety in response to a threat <a href="https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.105.2.325">is a normal human reaction</a>, sustained high anxiety can undermine constructive responses to the crisis. People who already suffer from anxiety and related disorders are especially likely to have a hard time during the coronavirus crisis.</p> <p>The following suggestions, based on psychological science, can help you deal with coronavirus anxiety.</p> <p><strong>1. Practice tolerating uncertainty</strong></p> <p>Intolerance of uncertainty, which has been <a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/16506073.2018.1476580">increasing in the U.S.</a>, makes people <a href="https://doi.org/10.1586/ern.12.82">vulnerable to anxiety</a>. A <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/bjhp.12058">study during the 2009 H1N1 pandemic</a> showed that people who had a harder time accepting the uncertainty of the situation were more likely to experience elevated anxiety.</p> <p>The solution is to learn to gradually face uncertainty in daily life by easing back on certainty-seeking behaviors.</p> <p>Start small: Don’t text your friend immediately the next time you need an answer to a question. Go on a hike without checking the weather beforehand. As you build your tolerance-of-uncertainty muscle, you can work to reduce the number of times a day you consult the internet for updates on the outbreak.</p> <p><strong>2. Tackle the anxiety paradox</strong></p> <p><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2014.07.001">Anxiety rises</a> proportionally to how much one tries to get rid of it. Or as Carl Jung put it, “<a href="https://www.routledge.com/C-G-Jung-The-Basics/Williams/p/book/9781138195448">What you resist persists</a>.”</p> <p>Struggling against anxiety can take many forms. People might try to distract themselves by drinking, eating or watching Netflix more than usual. They might repeatedly seek reassurance from friends, family or health experts. Or they might obsessively check news streams, hoping to calm their fears. Although these behaviors can help momentarily, they can <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2850.2010.01213.x">make anxiety worse</a> in the long run. Avoiding the experience of anxiety almost always backfires.</p> <p>Instead, allow your anxious thoughts, feelings and physical sensations to wash over you, accepting anxiety as an integral part of human experience. When waves of coronavirus anxiety show up, notice and <a href="https://www.newharbinger.com/mindfulness-based-stress-reduction-workbook-second-edition">describe the experience</a> to yourself or others <a href="https://www.uclahealth.org/marc/body.cfm?id=22&amp;iirf_redirect=1">without judgment</a>. Resist the urge to escape or calm your fears by obsessively reading virus updates. Paradoxically, facing anxiety in the moment will lead to less anxiety over time.</p> <p><strong>3. Transcend existential anxiety</strong></p> <p>Health threats trigger the fear that underlies all fears: <a href="https://wwnorton.com/books/9780393350876">fear of death</a>. When faced with reminders of one’s own mortality, people might become consumed with health anxiety and hyperfocused on any signs of illness.</p> <p>Try connecting to your life’s purpose and sources of meaning, be it spirituality, relationships, or pursuit of a cause. Embark on something important that you’ve been putting off for years and take responsibility for how you live your life. Focusing on or discovering <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.1095">the “why” of life</a> can go a long way in helping you deal with unavoidable anxiety.</p> <p><strong>4. Don’t underestimate human resiliency</strong></p> <p>Many people fear how they will manage if the virus shows up in town, at work or at school. They worry how they would cope with a quarantine, a daycare closure or a lost paycheck. Human minds are good at predicting the worst.</p> <p>But research shows that people tend to <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0963-7214.2005.00355.x">overestimate how badly they’ll be affected</a> by negative events and <a href="http://bit.ly/3cFFkIk">underestimate how well they’ll cope with</a> and adjust to difficult situations.</p> <p>Be mindful that you are more resilient than you think. It can help attenuate your anxiety.</p> <p><strong>5. Don’t get sucked into overestimating the threat</strong></p> <p>Coronavirus can be dangerous, with an estimated <a href="https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2002032">1.4%</a> to <a href="https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.2648">2.3%</a> death rate. So everyone should be serious about taking all the <a href="https://theconversation.com/what-really-works-to-keep-coronavirus-away-4-questions-answered-by-a-public-health-professional-132959">reasonable precautions against infection</a>.</p> <p>But people also should realize that humans tend to <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/1539-6924.00276">exaggerate the danger of unfamiliar threats</a> compared to ones they already know, like seasonal flu or car accidents. Constant incendiary media coverage <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckp061">contributes to the sense of danger</a>, which leads to heightened fear and further <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8721.2006.00461.x">escalation of perceived danger</a>.</p> <p>To reduce anxiety, I recommend limiting your exposure to coronavirus news to no more than 30 minutes per day. And remember that we become more anxious when faced with situations that have no clear precedent. Anxiety, in turn, makes everything seem more dire.</p> <p><strong>6. Strengthen self-care</strong></p> <p>During these anxiety-provoking times, it’s important to remember the tried-and-true anxiety prevention and reduction strategies. Get <a href="https://doi.org/10.5665/sleep.2810">adequate sleep</a>, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2019.05.012">exercise regularly</a>, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2017.12.002">practice mindfulness</a>, <a href="https://theconversation.com/anxiety-and-depression-why-doctors-are-prescribing-gardening-rather-than-drugs-121841">spend time in nature</a> and <a href="https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-244X-8-41">employ relaxation techniques</a> when stressed.</p> <p>Prioritizing these behaviors during the coronavirus crisis can go a long way toward increasing your psychological well being and <a href="https://theconversation.com/a-strong-immune-system-helps-ward-off-colds-and-flus-but-its-not-the-only-factor-99512">bolstering your immune system</a>.</p> <p><strong>7. Seek professional help if you need it</strong></p> <p>People who are vulnerable to anxiety and related disorders might find the coronavirus epidemic <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-015-9701-9">particularly overwhelming</a>. Consequently, they might experience anxiety symptoms that interfere with work, maintaining close relationships, socializing or taking care of themselves and others.</p> <p>If this applies to you, please get professional help from your doctor or a mental health professional. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psc.2010.04.002">Cognitive behavioral therapy</a> and <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/msj.20041">certain medications</a> can successfully treat anxiety problems.</p> <p>Although you might feel helpless during this stressful time, following these strategies can help keep anxiety from becoming a problem in its own right and enable you to make it through the epidemic more effectively.<!-- End of code. If you don't see any code above, please get new code from the Advanced tab after you click the republish button. The page counter does not collect any personal data. More info: https://theconversation.com/republishing-guidelines --></p> <p><span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/jelena-kecmanovic-472294"><em>Jelena Kecmanovic</em></a><em>, Adjunct Professor of Psychology, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/georgetown-university-1239">Georgetown University</a></em></span></p> <p><em>This article is republished from <a href="http://theconversation.com">The Conversation</a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href="https://theconversation.com/7-science-based-strategies-to-cope-with-coronavirus-anxiety-133207">original article</a>.</em></p>

Body

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The Queen’s secret: Meghan at centre of clever royal strategy

<p>The royal wedding was watched by millions around the world last weekend, and the Queen had every reason to smile as the wonderful ceremony took place at Windsor Castle.</p> <p><a href="http://www.news.com.au/" target="_blank"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><em><strong>News.com.au reports</strong></em></span></a> many royal commentators believe this could be a game-changer for the royal family, giving them a new degree of relevance moving into the 21st century.</p> <p>“I think it shows they are able to change,” writer and royal expert Stephen Bates told news.com.au.</p> <p>“Maybe they don’t change as quickly as other institutions, but the idea that a divorced American of mixed race who has a professional career would marry into the royal family would have been inconceivable only 20 years ago. So I think that’s great.”</p> <p>Bates has written a book called Royalty Inc, detailing how the royal family has changed over time to maintain popularity and relevance.</p> <p>“When I was writing my book, it was said to be the marmite strategy everyone knows about,” he said.</p> <p>“This little pot of yeast extract that the British are attracted to — it looks like a heritage product, unchanging, a bit old-fashioned looking on the outside.”</p> <p>But everything has changed with marmite over the years, from the recipe to the colour.</p> <p>“Everything has changed and yet nothing seems to have changed,” added Mr Bates.</p> <p>“And it sort of banks on that. The Royal Family is a bit like that ... royal courtiers used to say to me ‘it’s the marmite strategy’ — everything changes, but nothing seems to on the surface.”</p> <p>Saturday’s wedding seemed to be a hallmark of that strategy in place.</p> <p>“I liked the innovations they had [because of] Meghan’s background, the gospel singing and particularly enjoyed the bishop’s sermon,” said Bates. “I thought that was great.”</p> <p>Bates also believes Markle will have a profound impact on the royals.</p> <p>Bates added: “She broadens the gene pool really, she brings a different perspective and also a different appearance, beyond the obvious, to the Royal Family. She is bound to make them appear less stuffy and to inject different ideas into their gene pool. I think it’s very good for the monarchy.”</p> <p>What are your thoughts?</p>

News

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Revealed: the secret to winning Scrabble

<p>Families have bonded over board games for generations. They’ve also fought like crazy over them for generations. Luckily, for the competitor in all of us, the secret to winning at Scrabble has finally been discovered.</p> <p>While most people think long words packed with high-scoring letters like “x” “z” and “q” are the best way to beat opponents, Scrabble experts have revealed that shorter words are actually the best way to go.</p> <p>According to <a href="http://www.wsj.com/articles/for-nigerian-scrabble-stars-short-tops-shorter-1463669734" target="_blank"><em><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">The Wall Street Journal</span></strong></em></a>, the secret has been discovered in a somewhat unlikely place – Nigeria, which lays claim to the most top-200 Scrabble players than any other country. The national team (yep, world championship Scrabble does exist!) has found success by opting for four- and five-letter words, even when there’s possibility for longer options.</p> <p>If you’re wondering why, the championship team says playing longer words gives opponents an advantage, in that it offers more opportunities to play off that word. Also, using up all your letters on one huge-scoring whopper leaves you with a much greater chance of picking up a bad batch the next turn.</p> <p>Have you tried this method before? Do you have a Scrabble secret of your own? Share your tips with us in the comments below.</p> <p><strong>Related links:</strong></p> <p><a href="/news/news/2016/06/mary-poppins-returns-disney-cast-emily-blunt/"><strong><em><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Disney reveal who will play Mary Poppins in new sequel</span></em></strong></a></p> <p><a href="/news/news/2016/05/hairless-dog-dances-to-grandma-playing-polka/"><strong><em><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Dog loves to dance to grandma playing the polka</span></em></strong></a></p> <p><a href="/news/news/2016/05/teachers-moved-to-tears-as-11-year-old-student-shouts-them-farewell-dinner/"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><em><strong>Teachers moved to tears as 11-year-old student shouts them farewell dinner</strong></em></span></a></p>

Books

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7 research-backed strategies to combat ageism

<p>In a society that values the cult of youth, it can be difficult not to fear getting older. But the way people treat you as you age not only influences your own perceptions of getting old but it can actually accelerate the ageing process. Cassey University’s Craig Fowler and colleagues believe the key to successful ageing is to resist the ageism and ageist messages that pervade society.</p> <p>According to Foweler’s research, the key to combat ageism is to create environments where we can age well. It acknowledges that most people feel uncertain about getting older, which creates both negative and positive feelings. If you create positive “ageing spaces” you're more likely to be less susceptible to ageism and feel much better about the ageing process. Here are seven strategies to help you create your positive ageing space. </p> <p><strong>1. Feel optimistic about getting older:</strong> Research from Yale University shows that the more positive and optimistic you are about ageing and the prospects of getting older, the longer you live.</p> <p><strong>2. Don’t attribute all behaviour to age:</strong> There’s a tendency to blame any kind of mistake when you’re older to the effects of ageing. But commonly there’s things that could happen to anyone at any age. Labelling yourself as old can lead yourself and others to treat you as less than mentally capable.</p> <p><strong>3. Refrain from ageing jokes:</strong> They’re meant to be jokes but they’re often just reinforcing ageist negative stereotypes, which could lead to self-fulfilling prophecies.</p> <p><strong>4. Plan for your future needs:</strong> Don’t pretend life won’t change in the future. You need to be willing to confront reality to plan and get ready for the changes that might affect you as you age.</p> <p><strong>5. Learn new technologies:</strong> There’s a prevailing belief that older people can’t learn new tricks, which is just not true. Not only does learning new things stimulate the brain, but defies ageist steretoypes.</p> <p><strong>6. Call out ageism when it happens:</strong> Help people who spout ageist remarks or jokes to see the folly of their ways by pointing out instances where it happens, and not just ignoring the comments.</p> <p><strong>7. Resist the anti-ageing industry:</strong> The unhappier you are about getting older, the more you’ll be susceptible to the “promises” of the anti-ageing industry.</p> <p><strong>Related links: </strong></p> <p><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><a href="http://www.oversixty.co.nz/health/mind/2016/04/10-signs-youre-too-self-critical/"><em>10 signs you’re too self-critical</em></a></strong></span></p> <p><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><a href="http://www.oversixty.co.nz/health/mind/2016/04/simple-ways-to-ease-anxiety/"><em>5 simple ways to ease anxiety</em></a></strong></span></p> <p><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><a href="http://www.oversixty.co.nz/health/mind/2016/04/why-we-should-let-go-of-the-pursuit-of-perfect/"><em>Why we should let go of the pursuit of perfect</em></a></strong></span></p>

Mind

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NZ Super Fund's responsible investor strategy pays off

<p>Being set up as a responsible investor was a smart move for New Zealand's sovereign wealth fund, a report by NZ Super Fund has found.</p> <p>In a "white paper" released on Thursday by the NZ Super Fund, which manages just under $30 billion for the Government, says there is now strong evidence companies that do well on "environmental, social and governance" (ESG) fronts deliver better returns for investors.</p> <p>These are companies that do not breach human rights, do not abuse the environment, and are well-managed and transparent.</p> <p>Matt Whineray, the fund's chief investment officer, said: "When we started building our responsible investment (RI) framework in the early days of the fund, the academic research on responsible investing was thin on the ground and not particularly conclusive".</p> <p>"We based our RI programme more on a general belief and on our own experience as investors."</p> <p>Since then much more research has been done, Whineray said.</p> <p>"There is strong evidence that companies that do well on ESG metrics tend to perform better."</p> <p>About 80 per cent of the more than 100 academic studies done worldwide found a positive link between the ESG ratings of companies and their performance.</p> <p>Companies that scored highly for ESG factors tended to be able to borrow more cheaply. They also tended to be more profitable, and had higher share prices.</p> <p>"The evidence on environmental practices and performance shows that investors and banks add a risk premium to firms that are perceived as having a higher risk of accidents," Whineray said.</p> <p>There was also less risk on some fronts for investors, such as companies having their share prices hit by lawsuits or investigations by regulators.</p> <p>"Being a responsible investor implies we must behave as the owners of assets rather than just investors in various securities."</p> <p>But it did not mean excluding more and more companies from the list of companies the fund wouldnot invest in.</p> <p>Whineray said the evidence showed many "socially responsible investment" (SRI) funds which typically exclude entire sectors like tobacco or armaments tend to neither out-perform, or under-perform traditional non-SRI funds.</p> <p>The NZ Super Fund screened out some sectors, including tobacco companies, but Whineray said the research suggested "engagement", where an investor sought to influence companies to do better on ESG fronts was a better strategy.</p> <p>Engagement was time-consuming and did not always work, but patient, long-term investors were best placed to pursue it.</p> <p>Being a responsible investor was also about ensuring the fund did not invest in companies that could damage New Zealand's international reputation, which was a legal requirement for the fund.</p> <p>The NZ Super Fund is often lobbied by activists who want to influence its investing. In recent years, the pressure has been to divest of investments in companies involved in extracting fossil fuels like oil as a measure against climate change.</p> <p>The fund has resisted that, and an international expert, speaking in New Zealand earlier this week, said the world's largest sovereign wealth fund - giant Norway Government Pension Fund - also continued to invest in oil companies favouring the engagement model.</p> <p>Written by Rob Stock. First appeared on <a href="http://www.Stuff.co.nz" target="_blank"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong>Stuff.co.nz</strong></span></a>. </p>

Retirement Income