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The power of positivity: Starting the year with a positive mindset

<p>As we step into the New Year, many of us are hitting the reset button and focusing enthusiastically on achieving our resolutions. By harnessing this welcome surge in positivity, we can begin to direct our attention towards tackling our goals and embracing a shift in mindset, even after the glitter on New Year’s has settled. But how can we achieve this? Jacqui Manning, the resident psychologist at Connected Women, a female-founded organisation dedicated to cultivating friendships in women in their midlife, shares her tips on how to foster a more positive mindset, year-round. </p> <p>“Developing a positive mindset is all about being intentional, and it begins with a good routine. Carving out time within your week for activities that fill your cup and encourage a more optimistic outlook is key to embracing age with positivity,” Jacqui says. </p> <p>“Set realistic expectations – if you have a New Year’s resolution to make more time for yourself, pencilling time in the diary for self-care is going to be essential. Or, if your goal is to build new connections this year, be sure to set time aside at least once a week for networking. Whether it’s joining a local tennis club, attending a community event, or simply striking up a conversation at your local café, enriching your social circle can bring new perspectives, enhance feelings of optimism, and boost overall well-being,” Jacqui explains. </p> <p><strong>Don’t skimp on self-care!</strong></p> <p>Self-care involves dedicating the time to engage in activities that help to enhance overall well-being. As we age, it becomes increasingly important to develop an adequate self-care routine to support both our mental and physical health.   </p> <p>“Remember that taking time for yourself is essential. Small indulgences such as enjoying a quiet evening at home, book in hand, or heading outside for a leisurely evening stroll can quiet the mind and recharge your emotional batteries.”</p> <p>“As the year progresses, our self-care practices can tend to fall by the wayside. It’s essential to invest in ourselves, which includes prioritising sleep, regular exercise, remaining engaged in hobbies or preferred activities, and maintaining social connections,” Jacqui says. </p> <p>“Dedicating time for yourself helps to create the space necessary to support mental recharge. Goal setting, implementing boundaries to avoid overwhelm, or integrating wellness practices like meditation or mindfulness exercises act as stress-relievers and boost energy levels,” Jacqui explains. </p> <p><strong>Cultivating your crew</strong></p> <p>Research suggests that our social circle holds a meaningful influence over our mood and disposition. Friends have been found to act as a buffer against ageing, positively supporting both our health and overall cognitive function. </p> <p>“The first step to finding friendship is assessing – how supported do you feel within your relationships? Remember, friends exert significant influence over our feelings and behaviours, so finding a tribe that fulfils your emotional needs is essential,” Jacqui explains. </p> <p>“Nurturing successful relationships begins with finding individuals with shared values and interests. Actively engaging in open conversation is a magnet for developing authentic and emotionally fulfilling connections with others.” </p> <p>“Be open-minded – discussing topics like hobbies, future goals, anxieties, and challenges can encourage openness and conceive opportunities to offer support to one another. Openness also lays the foundations for more meaningful friendships to blossom,” Jacqui says. </p> <p>Friendships in adulthood are well worth the investment, and curating your immediate network could be the masterstroke in ageing with positivity (and boosts overall health and cognitive function to boot!). </p> <p>If forming new bonds heads up your list of New Year's resolutions, then joining a vibrant community group like Connected Women could be the ideal place to start. </p> <p><strong>Practice positive self-talk</strong></p> <p>Take a few minutes each day to reflect on the aspects of life that you’re grateful for – whether that be your health, family, friendships, or a stellar career. By focusing on the positive, it encourages a mental shift away from the negative and toward a more optimistic outlook on life (and age for that matter!). </p> <p>“Practicing techniques such as meditation, gentle movement, and journaling regularly can help to cultivate a more relaxed mind, boost serotonin levels in the brain, and decrease feelings of anxiety or depression,” Jacqui says. </p> <p>Jacqui suggests another technique for fostering a mental shift is to incorporate regular gratitude practices.</p> <p>“Reflecting on and recording the things you’re thankful for can be a valuable outlet. Expressing gratitude regularly serves as a reminder of the positive aspects in your current life and can be a useful tool on low days,” Jacqui says. </p> <p>By incorporating these tips, not only will you be working to foster a more optimistic mindset year-round, but you’ll also be laying the groundwork to build and nurture more meaningful relationships with others. </p> <p><em><strong>For more information visit <a href="https://www.connectedwomen.net" target="_blank" rel="noopener">connectedwomen.net</a> </strong></em></p> <p><em><strong>About Connected Women </strong></em></p> <p><em><strong>Jacqui Manning is the resident psychologist at Connected Women, bringing with her over two decades of experience. Founded in 2022, Connected Women facilitates friendships for women over 50 through a range of online and in-person events. With the rising epidemic of loneliness impacting Australians now more than ever - Connected Women aims to provide a community in which women can feel free to be themselves, connect with like-minded women and build life-long friendships. Launched in Perth, Western Australia, Connected Women now also operates in NSW and Victoria, with plans to grow its network to QLD, ACT and SA in the coming year. With a small monthly membership fee, women can join Connected Women events, share and connect over areas of interest, and connect with women in their local areas to arrange meet ups. Whether members prefer big events with lots of action and adventure, or quiet meet ups and walks around the local neighbourhood, Connected Women is committed to providing a safe and inclusive space for women to find their feet and build new friendships in a space that feels most comfortable to them. </strong></em></p> <p><em>Image credits: Getty Images</em></p>

Mind

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Hallucinations in the movies tend to be about chaos, violence and mental distress. But they can be positive too

<p><em><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/christopher-patterson-308185">Christopher Patterson</a>, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/university-of-wollongong-711">University of Wollongong</a> and <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/nicholas-procter-147517">Nicholas Procter</a>, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/university-of-south-australia-1180"><em>University of South Australia</em></a></em></p> <p>Hallucinations are often depicted in the movies as terrifying experiences. Think Jake Gyllenhaal seeing a monstrous rabbit in <em><a href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0246578/">Donnie Darko</a></em>, Leonardo DiCaprio experiencing the torture of <em><a href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/au/blog/reel-therapy/201002/shutter-island-separating-fact-fiction">Shutter Island</a></em>, Natalie Portman in <em><a href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0947798/">Black Swan</a></em>, or Joaquin Phoenix as the <em><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/film/2019/oct/21/joker-mental-illness-joaquin-phoenix-dangerous-misinformed">Joker</a></em>.</p> <p>Each character experiences some form of psychological distress. Scenes connect to, or even explain, a decline into chaos and violence.</p> <p>Experiencing hallucinations can be distressing for some people and their loved ones. However, focusing solely on such depictions perpetuates myths and misconceptions about hallucinations. They also potentially perpetuate harmful stereotypes of mental distress.</p> <p>Movies such as Joker use a broad, <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/film/2019/oct/21/joker-mental-illness-joaquin-phoenix-dangerous-misinformed">arguably incorrect</a>, brush to connect hallucinations, mental health issues and violence. This reinforces the misconception that hallucinations always indicate mental health issues, when this is not necessarily true.</p> <h2>What are hallucinations?</h2> <p>Hallucinations are perceptions that occur without a corresponding external stimulus. They can involve any of the human senses.</p> <p>Auditory hallucinations involve hearing things that aren’t there, such as voices or sounds. Visual hallucinations involve seeing things that aren’t there, such as lights, objects or people. Tactile hallucinations involve feeling things that aren’t there, such as a sensation of something crawling on your skin. Gustatory hallucinations involve taste and smell.</p> <p>People often confuse hallucinations and delusions. The two can be related, but they are not the same thing. Delusions are false beliefs, firmly held by a person despite evidence to the contrary. A person might believe someone is following them (a delusion), and see and hear that figure (a hallucination).</p> <p>Before the 17th century, hallucinations were commonly thought to be of <a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00991/full">cultural and religious</a> significance.</p> <p>However, between the mid-1600s and 1700s, hallucinations began to be understood as medical concerns, related to both mental and physical illnesses. This medical lens of hallucination remains. Now we know which <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2702442/">parts of the brain</a> are activated when someone has a hallucination.</p> <h2>What causes hallucinations?</h2> <p>Hallucinations can be a sign of serious mental health issues. The presence or experience of hallucinations is, for example, one of the criteria used to <a href="https://www.psychiatry.org/File%20Library/Psychiatrists/Practice/DSM/APA_DSM-5-Schizophrenia.pdf">diagnose schizophrenia</a> (delusions are another).</p> <p>Hallucinations may also provide insight into mental health issues such as bipolar disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder and depression.</p> <p>However, hallucinations can also be linked to other medical conditions.</p> <p>Hallucinations can be caused by fever, as well as disease or damage impacting the brain or <a href="https://theconversation.com/what-is-charles-bonnet-syndrome-the-eye-condition-that-causes-hallucinations-122322">optic nerves</a>. Parkinson’s disease causes visual, auditory and tactile hallucinations <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7116251/">in up to 75% of people</a>. Epilepsy and migraine headaches are also linked to hallucinations, and can cause perceptual disturbances, sometimes for days. Substance use, particularly of <a href="https://theconversation.com/weekly-dose-ayahuasca-a-cautionary-tale-for-tourists-eager-to-try-this-shamanic-brew-73953">hallucinogenic drugs</a> such as LSD or ketamine, can also cause hallucinations.</p> <p>Hallucinations can also occur in people without any underlying medical conditions. For example, some people may experience hallucinations during times of <a href="https://academic.oup.com/schizophreniabulletin/article/46/6/1367/5939754">extreme distress or grief</a>.</p> <p>Environmental factors such as <a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00303/full">sleep deprivation</a> can cause a range of perceptual disturbances, including visual and auditory hallucinations. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4354964/">Sensory deprivation</a>, such as being placed in a soundproof room, can also cause hallucinations.</p> <p>But still, the common image that hallucinations are connected only to mental health issues persists.</p> <h2>Hallucinations can be frightening, but not always</h2> <p>Hallucinations can be frightening for people, and their families. And the <a href="https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0020764016675888">stigma</a> and misconceptions surrounding hallucinations can have a significant impact on someone who experiences them.</p> <p>People who have hallucinations may be afraid or embarrassed of being considered “bizarre” or “unsafe”, and therefore may avoid seeking help.</p> <p>But hallucinations are <a href="https://www.intervoiceonline.org/voices-visions/voices-as-a-gift">not always scary or disturbing</a>. Some hallucinations can be neutral or even pleasant. People have been sharing on social media their positive and empowering experience of hallucinations. In the example below, we see one person’s positive experience of hearing voices. Yet we rarely see such depictions of hallucinations in the movies.</p> <hr /> <p><iframe id="tc-infographic-853" class="tc-infographic" style="border: none;" src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/infographics/853/9f702c4fefadeb810f9d64d7b4512b39a655a262/site/index.html" width="100%" height="400px" frameborder="0"></iframe></p> <hr /> <h2>How to support someone having hallucinations</h2> <p>If you are with someone who is having hallucinations, particularly if these are new or distressing for them, here are several ways you can support them:</p> <ul> <li> <p>ask the person if they want to talk about what they are experiencing and listen to them without judgment: “I cannot hear what you are hearing, can you tell me about it?”</p> </li> <li> <p><a href="https://tuneinnotout.com/videos/r-u-ok-ask-experts-nicholas-procter/">listen</a>. Don’t argue or blame. Acknowledge that hallucinations are real to the person, even if they are seemingly unusual and not based in reality: “I cannot see what you see, but I do understand you see it.”</p> </li> <li> <p>empathise with how the person feels about their experiences. “I cannot feel or taste it, but I can imagine it would be a difficult experience. I can see how much it is concerning you.”</p> </li> <li> <p>support someone to seek care. Persistent or distressing hallucinations should always be evaluated by a qualified health professional. Establishing potential causes is important: “I cannot hear it like you, but let’s talk to a health professional about it. They can help us understand what might be happening.”</p> </li> <li> <p>encourage the person to <a href="https://www.intervoiceonline.org/national-networks#content">reach out to their peers</a> as well as to <a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/01612840.2023.2189953?src=recsys">hearing voices groups</a> for ongoing support.</p> </li> </ul> <p><em>We’d like to acknowledge <a href="https://www.nswmentalhealthcommission.com.au/staff-profile/tim-heffernan">Tim Heffernan</a>, Deputy Commissioner of the Mental Health Commission of New South Wales, who contributed to this article.</em></p> <p><em>If this article has raised issues for you, or if you’re concerned about someone you know, call Lifeline on 13 11 14. <!-- End of code. If you don't see any code above, please get new code from the Advanced tab after you click the republish button. The page counter does not collect any personal data. More info: https://theconversation.com/republishing-guidelines --></em></p> <p><em><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/christopher-patterson-308185">Christopher Patterson</a>, Senior Lecturer, School of Nursing, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/university-of-wollongong-711">University of Wollongong</a> and <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/nicholas-procter-147517">Nicholas Procter</a>, Professor and Chair: Mental Health Nursing, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/university-of-south-australia-1180">University of South Australia</a></em></p> <p><em>Image credits: Shutterstock</em></p> <p><em>This article is republished from <a href="https://theconversation.com">The Conversation</a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href="https://theconversation.com/hallucinations-in-the-movies-tend-to-be-about-chaos-violence-and-mental-distress-but-they-can-be-positive-too-204547">original article</a>.</em></p>

Caring

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Expert reveals the worst sleeping position for your body

<p>James Leinhardt, a “posture expert” from the United Kingdom, has revealed the worst possible sleeping position for any body. </p> <p>In a video posted to TikTok, he warns viewers about the perils of sleeping on their stomach, claiming that the common position can actually do more harm than good - from muscle strain to the back and spine to chronic pain.</p> <p>“This is literally the worst ever sleeping position,” he declared, after demonstrating what he likes to call “the car crash position”. </p> <p>“You’re rotating your neck, you’re twisting it, you’re putting your head up, you’re fighting all the natural curves of your spine, you’re compressing your vertebrae, you’re getting pins and needles, neck and back pain,” he went on. </p> <p>“And you still do it every night, why? It’s not comfy, it’s just what you’re familiar with. It’s just what your body’s used to. Does this look comfy to you?”</p> <div class="embed" style="font-size: 16px; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; outline: none !important;"><iframe class="embedly-embed" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border-width: 0px; border-style: initial; vertical-align: baseline; width: 610.266px; max-width: 100%; outline: none !important;" title="tiktok embed" src="https://cdn.embedly.com/widgets/media.html?src=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tiktok.com%2Fembed%2Fv2%2F7227913453904710939&amp;display_name=tiktok&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tiktok.com%2F%40levitex%2Fvideo%2F7227913453904710939&amp;image=https%3A%2F%2Fp16-sign-va.tiktokcdn.com%2Fobj%2Ftos-useast2a-p-0037-aiso%2FoYaEwDEnQGRBcOqebHkRDDAMISdXgTQErJfS7P%3Fx-expires%3D1684810800%26x-signature%3DXA9MNq0Ii1CdE0GzHN5fy%252BuJMx0%253D&amp;key=5b465a7e134d4f09b4e6901220de11f0&amp;type=text%2Fhtml&amp;schema=tiktok" width="340" height="700" frameborder="0" scrolling="no" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"></iframe></div> <p>Luckily, Leinhardt came equipped with a few tips and tricks to help break free from the “awful front sleeping” habit to the “beautiful side sleeping”. </p> <p>To begin, he recommended having a pillow between the tip of the ear and the tip of the shoulder, as well as one between the knees and angles, to help “support and stabilise this hip and keep you feeling safer and you’re less likely to bring that leg over.”</p> <p>Of his next tip, hugging a secondary pillow, he noted that “you’re going to de-weight that top shoulder, hug it, and again you’re more stable and less likely to roll over.” </p> <p>He suggested trying his tips out for just 30 minutes, and “if you don’t like it, if it doesn’t work out, go back to that car crash of a sleeping position and start again tomorrow.” </p> <p>“Please listen to me,” he encouraged, “this is absolutely easy for you to achieve, just try it.”</p> <p>And while many were grateful for Leinhardt’s tips, and keen to try them out, there were still those who had no interest in abandoning their comfy old habits, no matter the cost.</p> <p>“It's comfy in the beginning,” one viewer wrote. “Morning is full of regrets though.”</p> <p>“That looks freakin fantastic to me!” another declared. “I mean I would rather sleep like that than not sleep at all, sooooo that’s why we sleep like that, BECAUSE we sleep”.</p> <p>Meanwhile, one simply wanted to know “why all the pleasures of life are forbidden”.</p> <p><em>Images: TikTok</em></p>

Body

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5 books for kids and teens that positively portray trans and gender-diverse lives

<p><a href="https://www.stonewall.org.uk/about-us/blog/trans-day-visibility-global-perspective">International Transgender Day of Visibility</a> is an opportunity to celebrate trans and gender-diverse people – and to raise awareness of the ongoing discrimination they experience.</p> <p>Trans and gender-diverse people <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7826417/">experience</a> higher levels of depression, anxiety, self-harm and suicidal behaviours than the general population. </p> <p>Recent events in <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2023/mar/25/whats-behind-the-terrifying-backlash-against-australias-queer-community">Australia</a>, <a href="https://time.com/6250646/united-kingdom-scotland-transgender-bill/">the United Kingdom</a> and <a href="https://www.vice.com/en/article/5d378d/anti-trans-bills-2023">the US</a> remind us of the need to promote acceptance of trans and gender-diverse young people, and to support their mental health and wellbeing.</p> <p>Community, school and family <a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40894-019-00118-w">are vital</a> tools for this. </p> <p>So are books that positively represent trans and gender-diverse experiences, themes and issues. Such books can expand young people’s awareness, understanding and acceptance of gender differences from an early age. They also validate the lived experience of trans and gender-diverse youth.</p> <p>The five books below all positively portray trans and gender-diverse lives in age-appropriate ways.</p> <h2>1. My Shadow is Purple by Scott Stuart (ages 4-9)</h2> <p>This picture book, <a href="https://larrikinhouse.com.au/products/my-shadow-is-purple">My Shadow Is Purple</a>, considers gender diversity through the use of colour. The story focuses on a boy whose shadow is purple: presumably a blend of masculine blue and feminine pink.</p> <p>Early in the story, the boy celebrates his gender hybridity, enjoying a range of both traditionally masculine and feminine activities. Stuart also explores the way society regulates and limits gender expression, and how this can have negative effects on individuals.</p> <p>That said, the picture book is positive and offers a promising message to readers. Through both resistance and collective support, we can acknowledge and celebrate the spectrum of colours our shadows might take.</p> <h2>2. Too Bright to See by Kyle Lukoff (ages 10-12)</h2> <p>In his <a href="http://www.kylelukoff.com/my-books/tbts">award-winning</a> junior novel, <a href="https://www.penguin.com.au/books/too-bright-to-see-9780593111178">Too Bright to See</a>, Kyle Lukoff uses the ghost story to explore <a href="https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/gender-dysphoria/">gender dysphoria</a> and grief. </p> <p>Trans boy Bug, aged 11, lives in a house with relatively benign spirits. However, during the summer before school starts, Bug’s uncle dies and a new ghost takes up residence in the house.</p> <p>It is not only the grief of his uncle’s death that Bug must learn to live with. His best friend, Moira, is eager to give him a feminine makeover and the new ghostly resident seems intent on sending him a message.</p> <p>Bug’s investigation of the ghost and his journey of self-discovery and self-acceptance is sensitive and nuanced, allowing readers to learn about transgender issues (and grief) alongside Bug.</p> <h2>3. Euphoria Kids by Alison Evans (ages 12+)</h2> <p><a href="https://www.echopublishing.com.au/books/euphoria-kids">Euphoria Kids</a> is an urban fantasy young adult novel that centres on three trans and gender-diverse teenagers: Iris, who grew from a seed; Babs, the daughter of a local witch; and the boy, named so because his current name does not fit him.</p> <p>The world Evans creates is one of strange magic, free from the trauma and gender dysphoria often associated with representations of transgenderism <a href="https://theconversation.com/friday-essay-transgenderism-in-film-and-literature-71809">in literature and film</a>. The characters’ quest to break a curse enables them to demonstrate their resilience, develop their confidence and experience euphoria.</p> <p>Evans explains (in the author note) their decision to create a positive narrative for trans youth, "I want people to know about gender euphoria. I want them to learn about it before gender dysphoria. I want young trans kids that will read this book to be proud of who they are, and imagine wonderful magic lives for themselves."</p> <h2>4. Meet Cute Diary by Emery Lee (ages 14+)</h2> <p><a href="https://www.harpercollins.com.au/9780063038837/meet-cute-diary/">Meet Cute Diary</a>, a heartfelt young adult romantic comedy, explores gender identity and sexuality – and recognises self-discovery entails continuous questioning, rather than a linear progression.</p> <p>Noah Ramirez, a Japanese, white, Afro-Caribbean 16-year-old trans boy, loves the idea of falling in love. He writes fictional trans love stories for his blog, “Meet Cute Diary”. Noah is confronted in real life by Drew, a white cisgender boy who Noah has featured on his blog. After Noah explains his actions, Drew agrees to pretend to date him, in order to validate his stories. Their pretending quickly becomes real.</p> <p>Things become complicated, though, when Noah finds himself attracted to his nonbinary and asexual coworker, Devin. The narrative explores the changing nature of relationships and love.</p> <p>Lee creates interesting characters and complex relationships that respect gender fluidity and recognise the blurry boundary between the platonic and romantic.</p> <h2>5. Felix Ever After by Kacen Callender (ages 14+)</h2> <p>Felix, the 17-year-old protagonist of <a href="https://www.harpercollins.com/products/felix-ever-after-kacen-callender?variant=32280909578274">Felix Ever After</a>, is Black, queer and trans. The marginalisation and transphobia he experiences are exacerbated when pre-transition images of him are prominently displayed at his school. Felix’s search for revenge sees him open up more about himself to others. And he forms new relationships, including with his friend, Ezra Patel.</p> <p>Similar to Lee’s depiction of self-discovery in Meet Cute Diary, Callender suggests that learning about yourself and your identity is an ongoing process. Felix continues to make new discoveries about himself, including the realisation that he is not a boy but a <a href="https://queerintheworld.com/what-does-demiboy-mean/">demiboy</a>.</p> <p>Callender’s writing is engaging, and the cast of diverse characters that populate the narrative reflects the variation in our communities. This tender trans young adult romance sensitively explores the complexity of friendship, forgiveness and self-discovery.</p> <p><em>Image credits: Getty Images</em></p> <p><em>This article originally appeared on <a href="https://theconversation.com/5-books-for-kids-and-teens-that-positively-portray-trans-and-gender-diverse-lives-202832" target="_blank" rel="noopener">The Conversation</a>. </em></p>

Books

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Teenagers who have positive relationships with their parents tend to have better outcomes as adults

<p><span style="font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif;">Parenting teenagers can be challenging, but a new study shows that those efforts ultimately pay off.</span></p> <div class="copy"> <p>When teenagers report higher levels of “parental warmth”,” communication” and time spent together, they are more likely to experience significantly higher general health, optimism and romantic relationships in early adulthood. </p> <p>That’s according to a paper by US paediatricians and social workers <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2802677" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">published</a> in <em>JAMA Network.</em></p> <p>“The overall pattern of these results suggests strong relationships between adolescents and their mothers and fathers leads to better health and well-being in young adulthood,” <a href="https://www.chop.edu/news/chop-researchers-find-strong-adolescent-parent-relationships-lead-better-long-term-health" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">said the paper’s lead author</a>, Dr Carol Ford from the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia.</p> <p>“Efforts to strengthen parent-adolescent relationships may have important long-term health benefits.”</p> <p>Using data from the US National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, the study followed a cohort of more than 15,000 adolescents aged 12-17 years in 1994-95 through to young adulthood (24-32 years) in 2008-09.</p> <p>The researchers found positive teen-parent relationships were also associated with lower levels of stress, depressive symptoms, nicotine dependence and substance abuse in young adults.</p> <p>The data was gathered by asking secondary-school-aged participants a series of detailed questions about their relationships with each parent, including topics such as warmth, communication, time together, academic expectations, discipline, relationship satisfaction. </p> <p>The aim of the study was to better understand the significance of parent-adolescent relationships for adult health. The study looked at the characteristics of mother-teenager and father-teenager relationships and tried to define what a “warm” relationship is, and what “communication” means.</p> <p>The researchers followed up with the participants once they reached adulthood, to ask about health, mental health, sexual behaviour, substance use and injury.</p> <p>“Adolescents’ perception of parental warmth had the most consistent favourable associations with adult outcomes across domains,” the researchers found.<span style="font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif;"> </span></p> <p><img id="cosmos-post-tracker" style="opacity: 0; height: 1px!important; width: 1px!important; border: 0!important; position: absolute!important; z-index: -1!important;" src="https://syndication.cosmosmagazine.com/?id=240457&amp;title=Teenagers+who+have+positive+relationships+with+their+parents+tend+to+have+better+outcomes+as+adults" width="1" height="1" data-spai-target="src" data-spai-orig="" data-spai-exclude="nocdn" /></div> <div id="contributors"> <p><em>This article was originally published on <a href="https://cosmosmagazine.com/health/teenagers-positive-relationships-with-parents-benefits/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">cosmosmagazine.com</a> and was written by Petra Stock. </em></p> <p><em><br />Images: Getty</em></p> </div>

Relationships

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Can ‘voluntourism’ outgrow the white saviour stereotype and make a positive change post-pandemic?

<p>As the tourism industry emerges from pandemic shutdowns and border closures, so too is “voluntourism”, the sometimes controversial combination of overseas volunteer work and more traditional tourist experiences.</p> <p>Although hard to measure, pre-pandemic estimates suggest voluntourism was worth <a href="https://sites.lsa.umich.edu/mje/2022/01/22/the-paradox-of-voluntourism-how-international-volunteering-impacts-host-communities/">US$2 billion annually</a>, with up to <a href="https://www.cbi.eu/market-information/tourism/save-tourism/market-potential">ten million volunteers</a> globally. While COVID shut the practice down for the duration, it remains a <a href="https://roadbook.com/opinion/negative-effects-of-voluntourism/">multi-billion-dollar industry</a>, now poised to <a href="https://www.sbs.strath.ac.uk/blogs/SBS/post.aspx?id=1420">return and rebuild</a>.</p> <p>But volunteer tourism has met with considerable criticism. Voluntourists have been accused of putting <a href="https://www.stuff.co.nz/travel/news/109983663/nz-school-students-pay-thousands-to-visit-orphanages-and-volunteer-overseas">vulnerable people at risk</a> (<a href="https://drivingchange.org/do-no-harm-the-dark-side-of-voluntourism/">including children</a>), <a href="https://tourismteacher.com/commodification-volunteer-tourism/">commodifying volunteer work</a>, perpetuating <a href="https://darbymatt.medium.com/voluntourism-is-neo-colonialism-56b6a25f6924">neo-colonialism</a> and <a href="https://www.euronews.com/travel/2022/02/21/how-white-saviour-voluntourism-gets-you-famous-on-tiktok">reinforcing</a> a “white saviour” complex.</p> <p>Voluntourism is also <a href="https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/2021/06/14/travel-opens-again-aid-voluntourism-needs-get-real">largely unregulated</a>, raising important <a href="https://journalofethics.ama-assn.org/article/voluntourism/2019-09">ethical questions</a> about who it really aims to serve – travellers or hosts. These issues are now being felt in the Pacific, where voluntourism is a relatively new but growing industry. As <a href="https://e-tangata.co.nz/reflections/the-problem-with-white-saviours/">Simone Kaho wrote</a> of her experience in Tonga:</p> <blockquote> <p>In many cases, voluntourism asks the local community to stand back, and allow themselves to be helped. It turns helping into a business model.</p> </blockquote> <p><a href="https://blog.geographydirections.com/2019/09/03/global-encounters-voluntourism-in-fiji/">My research</a> in Fiji has also highlighted the problems associated with the commercialisation and commodification of volunteering. These are real and important issues that need close examination as tourism in general picks up.</p> <blockquote class="twitter-tweet"> <p dir="ltr" lang="en">End voluntourism and the white saviour industrial complex <a href="https://t.co/gMHkZfTlsf">https://t.co/gMHkZfTlsf</a> via <a href="https://twitter.com/mailandguardian?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@mailandguardian</a></p> <p>— NGO Watch Africa (@NGOWatchAfrica) <a href="https://twitter.com/NGOWatchAfrica/status/1582376611449491457?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">October 18, 2022</a></p></blockquote> <p><strong>Behind the ‘bula smile’</strong></p> <p>The Fiji case study – conducted with an international, for-profit, specialist voluntourism agency – tells a complex story about the benefits and downsides of voluntourism.</p> <p>Volunteers are hosted by local families and included in household life, attending church or religious functions, learning to cook Fijian food, and spending time with children and other family members. Through this, they gain an understanding of life behind the famous “bula” smile. As one staff member said:</p> <blockquote> <p>The host may get angry with you if you leave the light on, you may feel like you are back living with mum and dad because they may give you a lunch box, things like that. But it’s important that they see the person who is paid to smile at the Hilton, what they are like at home with their kids, how they make ends meet, how they eat.</p> </blockquote> <p>Hosts often put considerable energy into sharing their way of life and teaching volunteers Fijian culture. Most hosts and staff took pride in helping travellers find their way around and teaching them Fijian ways. In turn, this helped Fijian staff build knowledge and pride in their own culture.</p> <blockquote> <p>Also the good thing is that we keep up with our culture. Because if you are talking about it every day and you show them and try to talk about it, then the history remains […] Now when we go to the village we do the <em>sevusevu</em> [kava ceremony] and all those things, and we go with the elders. It was our mothers that did that, but now we are doing it, the next generation.</p> <p>When we have volunteers in a Fijian village we will go to any lengths to give them what they want, to try and serve them […] But of course then the volunteers change to become more Fijian!</p> </blockquote> <blockquote class="twitter-tweet"> <p dir="ltr" lang="en">Are you itching to start travelling, but want to do it with care?</p> <p>Listen to this week's <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/WisdomWalks?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#WisdomWalks</a> to discover how you can avoid traps like voluntourism and greenwashing when travelling.</p> <p>🎧 27 mins.<a href="https://t.co/f366FJcyQG">https://t.co/f366FJcyQG</a></p> <p>— Curio (@curioio) <a href="https://twitter.com/curioio/status/1587821837932797953?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">November 2, 2022</a></p></blockquote> <p><strong>A chance to improve voluntourism</strong></p> <p>The growth of voluntourism in Fiji follows half a century of <a href="https://medium.com/tourism-geographic/paradise-the-noble-savage-and-the-white-savior-in-fiji-7ac7e302e5ec">mass tourism</a>, in which contact between Fijians and tourists has been largely limited and manufactured. Hosts embrace the opportunity to interact with tourists more directly and to build connections across the globe.</p> <p>However, the commercial nature of the encounter has the potential to significantly undermine these connections. The large fees paid by voluntourists mean they – like any tourist – are consumers.</p> <p>Volunteers have certain expectations, ranging from the mundane (internet access, good food and logistical support) to the more profound (a sense of accomplishment, a feeling they’ve made a difference). They will complain if these expectations aren’t met.</p> <p>The pandemic also raised questions about the sustainability of voluntourism. The organisation I studied cut its global workforce significantly. In Fiji it had provided jobs for about a dozen Fijian staff, as well as home-stay income for many households.</p> <p>While there is evidence that <a href="https://theconversation.com/traditional-skills-help-people-on-the-tourism-deprived-pacific-islands-survive-the-pandemic-148987">reliance on customary knowledge, systems and practices</a> helped tourism workers to survive and even thrive during the pandemic, the future for many is uncertain.</p> <p>COVID-19 has been something of a wake-up call that we need to move beyond voluntourism as a pseudo-development practice or as a commodified, profit-making experience. This is an opportunity for the industry to take on board the criticisms, examine past practice and reassess the role and impact of volunteering.</p> <p>Rather than rush back to business as usual, this is the perfect moment to look at reconfiguring the industry in line with the principles of sustainability and <a href="https://medium.com/activate-the-future/understanding-the-opportunity-of-regenerative-tourism-894136cafd3b">regenerative tourism</a>. In the process, perhaps voluntourism’s strengths – building cross-cultural relationships, learning and solidarity – can contribute more to meaningful social and environmental change.<img style="border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important;" src="https://counter.theconversation.com/content/195719/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic" alt="The Conversation" width="1" height="1" /></p> <p><em>Writen by Sharon McLennan. Republished with permission from <a href="https://theconversation.com/can-voluntourism-outgrow-the-white-saviour-stereotype-and-make-a-positive-change-post-pandemic-195719" target="_blank" rel="noopener">The Conversation</a>.</em></p> <p><em>Image: Getty Images</em></p>

International Travel

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800 Covid-positive cruise goers disembark at Sydney

<p dir="ltr">Approximately 800 people who have tested positive to COVID-19 disembarked from the cruise ship Majestic Princess in Sydney over the weekend.</p> <p dir="ltr">The 4,400 passengers and crew disembarked at the end of a 12-night round-trip to New Zealand, with passengers who tested positive instructed not to take public transport after departing Sydney’s Circular Quay.</p> <p dir="ltr">In a statement, operator Carnival Cruise Line said that the positive cases - around 20 percent of the ship’s population - were kept separate from those who tested negative while disembarking.</p> <p dir="ltr">"All guests disembarking have undertaken a rapid antigen test in the past 24 hours, which will determine how they will disembark the ship,” the statement said.</p> <p dir="ltr">Carnival Australia president Marguerite Fitzgerald said at a press conference on Saturday that cases of Covid began to rise about halfway through the trip and that everyone who tested positive were asymptomatic or experiencing mild symptoms.</p> <p dir="ltr">In a statement shared with <em><a href="https://www.9news.com.au/national/majestic-princess-cruise-covid-coronavirus-docks-in-sydney/ea034a4c-9a10-42ed-a9e5-d720f0dddf71" target="_blank" rel="noopener">9News</a></em>, Princess Cruises Senior Vice President Stuart Allison said staff were also assisting those who tested positive to find accommodations to help them continue to isolate.</p> <p dir="ltr">Fitzgerald told <em><a href="https://www.cnn.com/2022/11/13/australia/australia-covid-majestic-princess-cruise-passengers-intl-hnk/index.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">CNN</a></em> that the cruise line has been using “the most rigorous and strict measures which go well above current guidelines”, with staff and passengers being tested for Covid before boarding and a requirement for 95 percent of guests over the age of 12 to be vaccinated.</p> <p dir="ltr">She said that the more than 50 voyages made by Carnival Australia and over 100,000 guests onboard have been “unimpacted by Covid”.</p> <p dir="ltr">“However, the emergence of COVID in the community has meant we have seen a rise in positive cases on the last three voyages,” she added.</p> <p dir="ltr">The Majestic Princess has since travelled to Melbourne with 220 people from the original cruise, per <em><a href="https://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/cruise-ship-carrying-800-covid-positive-passengers-docks-in-sydney/pf4suhrn6" target="_blank" rel="noopener">SBS News</a></em>.</p> <p dir="ltr">In response to the news, many have taken to social media to share their thoughts, with some questioning why it was happening again after the Ruby Princess allowed Covid-positive passengers to disembark in Sydney in March 2020.</p> <p dir="ltr">“Didn’t… didn’t we already do this?” one person <a href="https://twitter.com/AndrewPStreet/status/1591024965045800962?s=20&amp;t=pkMBODwCjEj2M4w43AVkkg" target="_blank" rel="noopener">tweeted</a>.</p> <p dir="ltr">“Back to square one. That’s how it started,” another <a href="https://twitter.com/DarcyAmaroo/status/1591166905435721729" target="_blank" rel="noopener">wrote</a>.</p> <p dir="ltr">“Why would you still go on a crowded cruise ship with Covid still spreading through the population?”</p> <p dir="ltr">“As the Majestic Princess saga unfolds, it seems not just Covid is in the Circular Quay air, but also a real sense of déjà poo - the feeling that sh*t has happened before,” a third <a href="https://twitter.com/sahar_adatia/status/1591325017421541376" target="_blank" rel="noopener">wrote</a>.</p> <p dir="ltr">The news comes as Australia begins to experience a fourth wave of Covid, with <em><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2022/nov/11/covid-19-case-numbers-exploding-across-australia-as-fourth-wave-takes-off" target="_blank" rel="noopener">The Guardian</a></em> reporting that 58,000 cases have been recorded across the country in the past week.</p> <p dir="ltr">The Queensland government has moved the state to an “amber alert” in response to the uptick in cases, while NSW chief health officer Kerry Chant said the wave is expected to peak before Christmas.</p> <p dir="ltr">“The wave is taking off with some trajectory, it will be quite a steep wave and hopefully the decline will be equally as steep,” she said on Friday.</p> <p dir="ltr">“There is a sense that the wave may well peak before Christmas and we may be on the decline [by then].</p> <p dir="ltr">“But the message is clear … this is an increased risk period for Covid, so please, now is the time to take those protective behaviours.”</p> <p dir="ltr">Meanwhile, New Zealand has reported 21,595 community cases of the virus in the past week, with computational biologist Dr David Welch telling the <a href="https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/covid-19-health-officials-to-provide-weekly-update-on-cases/VKB7XS4BIVCIBK7GL3BVEDM43M/">NZ Herald</a> that the country may be “at or near a peak” in cases.</p> <p><span id="docs-internal-guid-b9f7e5dd-7fff-87d1-9683-376d52d18481"></span></p> <p dir="ltr"><em>Image: Getty Images</em></p>

Cruising

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What position should I sleep in, and is there a ‘right’ way to sleep?

<p>After 50 years of research, eminent Stanford University sleep researcher William Dement reportedly <a href="https://www.physoc.org/magazine-articles/book-review-why-we-sleep-by-matthew-walker/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">said</a> the only solid explanation he knows for why we sleep is “because we get sleepy”.</p> <p>Even though sleep may be, as one researcher <a href="https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/to-discover-the-point-of-sleep-scientists-breed-flies-that-nod-off-on-demand" target="_blank" rel="noopener">put</a> it, “the only major behaviour in search of a function”, it clearly does <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4434546" target="_blank" rel="noopener">matter</a> for our health and wellbeing.</p> <p>But are we doing it right? What does the research say about sleeping position?</p> <h2>Is there a correct position to sleep in?</h2> <p>Most people <a href="https://nsuworks.nova.edu/ijahsp/vol2/iss1/7/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">prefer</a> to sleep on their <a href="https://doi.org/10.2147/NSS.S145777" target="_blank" rel="noopener">side</a>. This is good to hear, as those who lie on their backs are more likely to be <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/6.1.52" target="_blank" rel="noopener">poor sleepers</a> or have <a href="https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.118.4.1018" target="_blank" rel="noopener">breathing difficulties</a> during the night.</p> <p>In most cases, we tend to move around quite a lot during the night. <a href="https://doi.org/10.2147/NSS.S145777" target="_blank" rel="noopener">One study</a> of 664 sleepers found, on average, that participants spent about 54% of their time in bed sleeping on their side, about 37% on their back, and about 7% on their front.</p> <p>Males (especially those aged under 35) tend to be most restless, with <a href="https://doi.org/10.2147/NSS.S145777" target="_blank" rel="noopener">more</a> position shifts, and arm, thigh, and upper-back movements during the night.</p> <p>This may not be a bad thing, as allowing your body to move during the night is generally a good idea.</p> <p>During sleep, your body will keep track of any pain or discomfort and adjust position accordingly. This is why we usually avoid developing <a href="https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/15347346221081603" target="_blank" rel="noopener">bedsores</a> (or pressure ulcers) in everyday life.</p> <p>If you find you can’t move because your partner (or dog) is taking up too much room in the bed, consider switching sides or getting a larger bed.</p> <p>And don’t tuck yourself in too tightly; give yourself some room to move around on either side.</p> <p>Being comfortable is key. There is <a href="https://www.oarsijournal.com/article/S1063-4584(19)30543-6/fulltext" target="_blank" rel="noopener">no quality research</a> providing clear evidence for an “optimal sleep position”. Your age, weight, environment, activities and whether you’re pregnant, all <a href="https://academic.oup.com/sleep/article/15/2/143/2742862" target="_blank" rel="noopener">play a role</a> in which sleep position is best for your body.</p> <p>Ideally, we can find a position that helps us get a good night’s sleep, and one that avoids us waking up in any pain.</p> <p>Even with our chosen position, some layouts are better than others. In one <a href="https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0260582" target="_blank" rel="noopener">study</a>, people who rested in a position where there is a rotation of the spine (such as the unsupported side position), woke up with more pain in the morning.</p> <p>Nonetheless, although some forms of side-sleeping may cause a bit of load on the spine, it appears the side positions, in general, are still better than the <a href="https://nsuworks.nova.edu/ijahsp/vol5/iss1/6/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">other options</a>.</p> <h2>What pillow should I choose?</h2> <p>Choosing the right pillow is vital for a good night’s sleep.</p> <p>A lack of support for the head and neck during sleep has been found to severely impact <a href="https://theconversation.com/whats-a-t7-vertebra-and-what-happens-when-you-injure-it-2-experts-explain-156947" target="_blank" rel="noopener">spine</a> alignment, and cause <a href="https://www.clinbiomech.com/article/S0268-0033(21)00083-8/fulltext" target="_blank" rel="noopener">muscle problems</a> such as neck pain, shoulder pain and <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZqwGTso2Wmc" target="_blank" rel="noopener">muscle stiffness</a>.</p> <p>Promisingly, the pillow <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2021.105353" target="_blank" rel="noopener">material</a> does not appear to affect the spine. Instead, the shape and the height is what matters. A U-shaped pillow may help you have a <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0003687015300338" target="_blank" rel="noopener">longer night’s sleep</a>, and a roll-shaped pillow can reduce morning pain and bedtime pain in those suffering from <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9502063/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">chronic pain</a>.</p> <p>Unfortunately, science has not given us an answer on what is the <a href="https://www.oarsijournal.com/article/S1063-4584(19)30543-6/fulltext" target="_blank" rel="noopener">optimal mattress</a>. With everyone sleeping differently, this would be hard to compare over the long term.</p> <p>However, there are bad mattresses. If your bed is sagging, has lost its firmness, develops noisy springs, or shows clear signs of wear and tear, consider changing your mattress.</p> <p>Rotating the mattress can help with its longevity and improve comfort. This should be done <a href="https://www.sleepfoundation.org/mattress-information/should-you-flip-or-rotate-your-mattress" target="_blank" rel="noopener">at least</a> one to two times per year.</p> <h2>Other tips for a restful night’s sleep</h2> <p>Set a cooler room temperature. The ideal temperature for sleep is <a href="https://www.sleepfoundation.org/bedroom-environment/best-temperature-for-sleep" target="_blank" rel="noopener">18.3℃</a> (ranging between 15-19℃); <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5446217/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">higher temperatures</a> can affect sleep.</p> <p>Allow some airflow in the room. Besides bringing nice, fresh air, it also clears away any accumulated heat, keeping us nice and <a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00484-007-0120-9" target="_blank" rel="noopener">cool</a> during the night.</p> <p>Some medications, such as certain types of <a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2022.841181/full" target="_blank" rel="noopener">antihistamines</a>, may make it easier to get to sleep. On the other hand, stimulants such as caffeine can drastically affect the <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27527212/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">quality</a> of your sleep.</p> <p>Finally, be sure not to go to bed with a full bladder, as having to get up at night to <a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/nau.24839" target="_blank" rel="noopener">wee</a> can impact sleep.</p> <p><strong>This article originally appeared on <a href="https://theconversation.com/what-position-should-i-sleep-in-and-is-there-a-right-way-to-sleep-189873" target="_blank" rel="noopener">The Conversation</a>. </strong></p> <p><em>Image: Shutterstock</em></p>

Body

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Five tips for successful and safe solo travel

<p>Planning an adventure on your own? Here’s your guide to friend-making, risk-taking and positive thinking while you’re off discovering yourself.</p> <p><strong>Safety</strong></p> <p>Unless you positively invite danger – i.e. strolling around a pitchblack park at 4am with headphones on – travelling alone isn’t actually that risky. The biggest peril is being taken for a ride. Literally, in the case of taxi drivers: always ask for an estimated fare before setting off. Otherwise, try to never look like a tourist; instead, exude assurance.</p> <p>Carry ID and always keep a back-up. Ensure that someone else knows your itinerary and commit to regular contact with them.</p> <p><strong>Plan</strong></p> <p>Being alone means you can’t use your cohort’s phone when yours runs out of juice, or rely on them should you lose your wallet.</p> <p>Put emergency systems in place: write down key numbers (friends, hotels, embassies, emergency services), have change for phone boxes and always keep some back-up money in your bag or, better still, in a locker.</p> <p><strong>Eating</strong></p> <p>Solomangarephobia. That’s the official, medical term for a fear of eating alone – a fear that many single travellers have. If you can get over your fear, it is very possible to enjoy the experience.</p> <p>Bring a book to dodge boredom, sit at counters to be less conspicuous or use the opportunity to practice your French or Filipino on a waiter. And scoff all the bread yourself.</p> <p><strong>Making friends</strong></p> <p>This is another common and very valid worry when travelling alone: what if no-one likes me? Acquiring new companions is always easier than feared, but still a scary proposition. It helps to look approachable – smile at people, have open body language and lose the sunglasses. Read something interesting to spark conversation, or ask strangers a question.</p> <p>More hands-on tactics include visiting expatriate bars, joining tours or using apps designed to help people make friends, such as Meetup.</p> <p><strong>Enjoy it!</strong></p> <p>Without realising it, most of us humans are very co-dependent: we worry whether our partner or friend is having a good time, and always balance their needs in decision-making.</p> <p>The joy of solo travel is that you can be entirely selfish: walk at your preferred pace, eat what and when you want, see the sights that interest you, use the entire hotel wardrobe. If you want to skip that museum of tractor history, you can. Take time to appreciate your independence and revel in that freedom.</p> <p>But, however well you plan in advance, things will go wrong. Missed trains, delayed planes, lost luggage, whatever. The trick is not to over-stress it; roll with the punches, laugh at it all, and draw up a new plan. Who knows: maybe Plan B will work out better anyway?</p> <p><em>Image credits: Getty Images</em></p> <p><em>This article originally appeared on <a href="https://www.readersdigest.co.nz/travel/activities/five-tips-successful-and-safe-solo-travel" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Reader's Digest</a>.</em></p>

Travel Tips

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Spain without the S: Man has tests positive to Covid, HIV and Monkeypox all at once

<p>A 36-year-old Italian man has simultaneously tested positive to COVID, HIV and monkeypox making this a world first event.</p> <p>The triple co-infection was recorded after the man holidayed for a week in Spain. Nine days following his trip, he developed a fever, rash and as subsequent testing went on it was evident he was in for a wild ride.</p> <p>The man spent five days in Spain from June 16-20 and enjoyed his holiday to the fullest, seemingly engaging in unprotected sex with other men during that time.</p> <p>Upon returning to Italy, he developed a 39C fever, sore throat, fatigue and headache. The party-goer tested positive to COVID on July 2, and the same afternoon began to develop a rash on his left arm.</p> <p>On July 3 small, painful blisters appeared on his torso, lower limbs, face and other parts of the body.</p> <p>“On physical examination his body was dotted, including the palm of the right hand and the perianal region, with skin lesions in various stages of progression,” the report said.</p> <p>The blisters spread all over the body until July 5, evolving into umbilicated pustules, before he was moved to the emergency department and then to the Infectious Diseases unit at a hospital in Catania.</p> <p>This was when he tested positive to monkeypox.</p> <p>“Complete STI screening is recommended after a diagnosis of monkeypox,” the report said.</p> <p>The STI screening found he also tested positive for HIV, given this diagnosis was not the patient's first brush with an STI. Previous reports noted: “On admission, the patient reported being treated for syphilis in 2019.”</p> <p>“This case highlights how monkeypox and COVID symptoms may overlap, and corroborates how in case of co-infection, anamnestic collection and sexual habits are crucial to perform the correct diagnosis,” the report said.</p> <p>“As this is the only reported case of monkeypox virus, SARS-CoV-2 and HIV co-infection, there is still not enough evidence supporting that this combination may aggravate patient’s condition.”</p> <p>The patient was treated and discharged to home isolation on July 11 as his symptoms resolved. He returned for a checkup on July 19, still testing positive with monkeypox but with the lesions having slowly improved, he is now to begin HIV treatment.</p> <p><em>Image: Getty</em></p>

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Body positivity ad slammed for removing prosthetic limb

<p dir="ltr">A body positivity campaign has hit a poor note after the models featured claimed they weren't compensated and even photoshopped to remove prosthetic limbs or onto another person's body.</p> <p dir="ltr">The advert from the Spanish Ministry of Equality was published last week as part of a campaign to promote body positivity during summer at Spanish beaches, with the caption 'Summer is ours too' displayed over an image of diverse women with non-standard bodies.</p> <p><span id="docs-internal-guid-28029417-7fff-32aa-21eb-382810d0b660"></span></p> <p dir="ltr">"Fatphobia, hatred and the questioning of non-normative bodies - particularly those of women, something that's most prevalent in the summertime," the ministry said.</p> <blockquote class="instagram-media" style="background: #FFF; border: 0; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: 0 0 1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.5),0 1px 10px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.15); margin: 1px; max-width: 540px; min-width: 326px; padding: 0; width: calc(100% - 2px);" data-instgrm-captioned="" data-instgrm-permalink="https://www.instagram.com/p/CfHmaPUo8WU/?utm_source=ig_embed&amp;utm_campaign=loading" data-instgrm-version="14"> <div style="padding: 16px;"> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: row; align-items: center;"> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 50%; flex-grow: 0; height: 40px; margin-right: 14px; width: 40px;"> </div> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex-grow: 1; justify-content: center;"> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; margin-bottom: 6px; width: 100px;"> </div> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; width: 60px;"> </div> </div> </div> <div style="padding: 19% 0;"> </div> <div style="display: block; height: 50px; margin: 0 auto 12px; width: 50px;"> </div> <div style="padding-top: 8px;"> <div style="color: #3897f0; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 550; line-height: 18px;">View this post on Instagram</div> </div> <div style="padding: 12.5% 0;"> </div> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: row; margin-bottom: 14px; align-items: center;"> <div> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 50%; height: 12.5px; width: 12.5px; transform: translateX(0px) translateY(7px);"> </div> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; height: 12.5px; transform: rotate(-45deg) translateX(3px) translateY(1px); width: 12.5px; flex-grow: 0; margin-right: 14px; margin-left: 2px;"> </div> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 50%; height: 12.5px; width: 12.5px; transform: translateX(9px) translateY(-18px);"> </div> </div> <div style="margin-left: 8px;"> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 50%; flex-grow: 0; height: 20px; width: 20px;"> </div> <div style="width: 0; height: 0; border-top: 2px solid transparent; border-left: 6px solid #f4f4f4; border-bottom: 2px solid transparent; transform: translateX(16px) translateY(-4px) rotate(30deg);"> </div> </div> <div style="margin-left: auto;"> <div style="width: 0px; border-top: 8px solid #F4F4F4; border-right: 8px solid transparent; transform: translateY(16px);"> </div> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; flex-grow: 0; height: 12px; width: 16px; transform: translateY(-4px);"> </div> <div style="width: 0; height: 0; border-top: 8px solid #F4F4F4; border-left: 8px solid transparent; transform: translateY(-4px) translateX(8px);"> </div> </div> </div> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex-grow: 1; justify-content: center; margin-bottom: 24px;"> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; margin-bottom: 6px; width: 224px;"> </div> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; width: 144px;"> </div> </div> <p style="color: #c9c8cd; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17px; margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 8px 0 7px; text-align: center; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap;"><a style="color: #c9c8cd; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 17px; text-decoration: none;" href="https://www.instagram.com/p/CfHmaPUo8WU/?utm_source=ig_embed&amp;utm_campaign=loading" target="_blank" rel="noopener">A post shared by S I Â N G R E E N-L O R D (@sianlord_)</a></p> </div> </blockquote> <p dir="ltr">But, model and activist Sian Green-Lord said she was left "shaken" after friends recognised her in the campaign - despite her not giving permission for her image to be used.</p> <p dir="ltr">Green-Lord suspects her image was taken from her Instagram page. Her prosthetic leg, which she has had since she was hit by a taxi in 2013 and had her leg amputated, had been edited out.</p> <p dir="ltr">"I don't even know how to even explain the amount of anger that I'm feeling right now," the UK model told the <em><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/jul/28/all-bodies-are-beach-bodies-spains-equality-ministry-launches-summer-campaign" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Guardian</a></em>.</p> <p dir="ltr"><span id="docs-internal-guid-94ed9d42-7fff-5359-dbf8-ecaa75df93fa"></span></p> <p dir="ltr">"I'm literally shaking, I'm so angry."</p> <blockquote class="twitter-tweet"> <p dir="ltr" lang="es">Con que "el verano tambien es nuestro". Al igual que la imágen y manipulación que le han hecho a Sian Green-Lord sin su permiso <a href="https://t.co/zvb0onut0z">pic.twitter.com/zvb0onut0z</a></p> <p>— Zikade (@zikade_art) <a href="https://twitter.com/zikade_art/status/1553718707049959425?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">July 31, 2022</a></p></blockquote> <p dir="ltr">She isn't the only one whose image was used or altered without permission.</p> <p dir="ltr">Nyome Nichols-Williams, a London model and activist who has worked with Green-Lord previously, said the use of her image by the ministry was "downright disrespectful", after she recognised herself in the advert.</p> <p dir="ltr">"It really is deflating and then on top of that having to fight on my own to get paid," Nichols-Williams said.</p> <p dir="ltr"><span id="docs-internal-guid-d8a08b8b-7fff-6d4a-c7fc-9dfd656d3d5e"></span></p> <p dir="ltr">"Do I not deserve to be paid for the usage of said image?"</p> <blockquote class="instagram-media" style="background: #FFF; border: 0; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: 0 0 1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.5),0 1px 10px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.15); margin: 1px; max-width: 540px; min-width: 326px; padding: 0; width: calc(100% - 2px);" data-instgrm-captioned="" data-instgrm-permalink="https://www.instagram.com/p/Cd0S5p9ggX2/?utm_source=ig_embed&amp;utm_campaign=loading" data-instgrm-version="14"> <div style="padding: 16px;"> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: row; align-items: center;"> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 50%; flex-grow: 0; height: 40px; margin-right: 14px; width: 40px;"> </div> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex-grow: 1; justify-content: center;"> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; margin-bottom: 6px; width: 100px;"> </div> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; width: 60px;"> </div> </div> </div> <div style="padding: 19% 0;"> </div> <div style="display: block; height: 50px; margin: 0 auto 12px; width: 50px;"> </div> <div style="padding-top: 8px;"> <div style="color: #3897f0; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 550; line-height: 18px;">View this post on Instagram</div> </div> <div style="padding: 12.5% 0;"> </div> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: row; margin-bottom: 14px; align-items: center;"> <div> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 50%; height: 12.5px; width: 12.5px; transform: translateX(0px) translateY(7px);"> </div> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; height: 12.5px; transform: rotate(-45deg) translateX(3px) translateY(1px); width: 12.5px; flex-grow: 0; margin-right: 14px; margin-left: 2px;"> </div> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 50%; height: 12.5px; width: 12.5px; transform: translateX(9px) translateY(-18px);"> </div> </div> <div style="margin-left: 8px;"> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 50%; flex-grow: 0; height: 20px; width: 20px;"> </div> <div style="width: 0; height: 0; border-top: 2px solid transparent; border-left: 6px solid #f4f4f4; border-bottom: 2px solid transparent; transform: translateX(16px) translateY(-4px) rotate(30deg);"> </div> </div> <div style="margin-left: auto;"> <div style="width: 0px; border-top: 8px solid #F4F4F4; border-right: 8px solid transparent; transform: translateY(16px);"> </div> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; flex-grow: 0; height: 12px; width: 16px; transform: translateY(-4px);"> </div> <div style="width: 0; height: 0; border-top: 8px solid #F4F4F4; border-left: 8px solid transparent; transform: translateY(-4px) translateX(8px);"> </div> </div> </div> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex-grow: 1; justify-content: center; margin-bottom: 24px;"> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; margin-bottom: 6px; width: 224px;"> </div> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; width: 144px;"> </div> </div> <p style="color: #c9c8cd; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17px; margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 8px 0 7px; text-align: center; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap;"><a style="color: #c9c8cd; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 17px; text-decoration: none;" href="https://www.instagram.com/p/Cd0S5p9ggX2/?utm_source=ig_embed&amp;utm_campaign=loading" target="_blank" rel="noopener">A post shared by Nyome Nicholas - Williams (@curvynyome)</a></p> </div> </blockquote> <p dir="ltr">Juliet Fitzpatrick is the third woman to make the surprising discovery that she was feasted- though only her face seemed to have been used.</p> <p dir="ltr">Fitzpatrick, who has undergone a double mastectomy, found that her face had been photoshopped onto the body of another woman who had undergone a single mastectomy.</p> <p dir="ltr">"I have no breasts," she wrote.</p> <p dir="ltr">"I am furious if the image has been used without my consent."</p> <p dir="ltr">Australian paralympic swimmer Jessica Smith was among those slamming the advert, saying it was "so wrong and so gross on so many levels".</p> <p dir="ltr">She criticised those involved for editing the models'  images and for failing to ask for permission to use them.</p> <p dir="ltr">Arte Mapeche, the artist credited with creating the advert for the ministry, was reportedly paid €4,490 ($AUD 6573 or $NZD 7289) to create the image.</p> <p dir="ltr">She has since reached out to the models whose images she used, as well as a graphic design company whose font she used without licensing, and has issued a public apology.</p> <p dir="ltr">"I would like to publicly apologise to the models for having been inspired by their photographs for the "Summer is ours too" campaign and for having used an unlicensed typeface," she wrote.</p> <p dir="ltr">"Given the - justified - controversy over the image rights in the illustration, I have decided that the best way to make amends for the damages that may have resulted from my actions is to share out the money I received for the work and give equal parts to the people in the poster," the artist said.</p> <p dir="ltr">"I accept my mistakes and that is why I am now trying to repair the damage caused."</p> <p dir="ltr">Nicholas-Williams said she was happy to have “inspired” the artwork, but said she should have been contacted beforehand and remunerated, while a trip to Spain for a photoshoot would have been a nice extra.</p> <p dir="ltr">The Spanish government has yet to comment on the matter.</p> <p dir="ltr"><span id="docs-internal-guid-a6db1dbc-7fff-a739-a6c2-8b91e99d7e29"></span></p> <p dir="ltr"><em>Image: The Ministry of Equality</em></p>

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"Your weight doesn't define you": Rebel Wilson shares body positivity message

<p>Rebel Wilson has shared a candid post on Instagram about gaining weight while on holiday.</p> <p>The Aussie actress, who is currently on a trip with her girlfriend Ramona Agruma, said she has “lost all self-control” but it “doesn’t help to be hard on yourself”.</p> <p>Wilson, 42, and Agruma have both been sharing snaps from their luxury resort in Cappadocia, Turkey. She posted an uplifting message about balancing a healthy lifestyle, along with a swimsuit picture beside a swimming pool at a resort.</p> <p>“I just noticed I put on three kilos on my holiday I’m at an amazing all-inclusive resort… I’ve lost all self-control,” she said.</p> <blockquote class="instagram-media" style="background: #FFF; border: 0; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: 0 0 1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.5),0 1px 10px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.15); margin: 1px; max-width: 540px; min-width: 326px; padding: 0; width: calc(100% - 2px);" data-instgrm-captioned="" data-instgrm-permalink="https://www.instagram.com/p/Cfg1vyAL7yR/?utm_source=ig_embed&utm_campaign=loading" data-instgrm-version="14"> <div style="padding: 16px;"> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: row; align-items: center;"> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 50%; flex-grow: 0; height: 40px; margin-right: 14px; width: 40px;"> </div> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex-grow: 1; justify-content: center;"> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; margin-bottom: 6px; width: 100px;"> </div> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; width: 60px;"> </div> </div> </div> <div style="padding: 19% 0;"> </div> <div style="display: block; height: 50px; margin: 0 auto 12px; width: 50px;"> </div> <div style="padding-top: 8px;"> <div style="color: #3897f0; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 550; line-height: 18px;">View this post on Instagram</div> </div> <div style="padding: 12.5% 0;"> </div> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: row; margin-bottom: 14px; align-items: center;"> <div> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 50%; height: 12.5px; width: 12.5px; transform: translateX(0px) translateY(7px);"> </div> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; height: 12.5px; transform: rotate(-45deg) translateX(3px) translateY(1px); width: 12.5px; flex-grow: 0; margin-right: 14px; margin-left: 2px;"> </div> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 50%; height: 12.5px; width: 12.5px; transform: translateX(9px) translateY(-18px);"> </div> </div> <div style="margin-left: 8px;"> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 50%; flex-grow: 0; height: 20px; width: 20px;"> </div> <div style="width: 0; height: 0; border-top: 2px solid transparent; border-left: 6px solid #f4f4f4; border-bottom: 2px solid transparent; transform: translateX(16px) translateY(-4px) rotate(30deg);"> </div> </div> <div style="margin-left: auto;"> <div style="width: 0px; border-top: 8px solid #F4F4F4; border-right: 8px solid transparent; transform: translateY(16px);"> </div> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; flex-grow: 0; height: 12px; width: 16px; transform: translateY(-4px);"> </div> <div style="width: 0; height: 0; border-top: 8px solid #F4F4F4; border-left: 8px solid transparent; transform: translateY(-4px) translateX(8px);"> </div> </div> </div> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex-grow: 1; justify-content: center; margin-bottom: 24px;"> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; margin-bottom: 6px; width: 224px;"> </div> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; width: 144px;"> </div> </div> <p style="color: #c9c8cd; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17px; margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 8px 0 7px; text-align: center; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap;"><a style="color: #c9c8cd; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 17px; text-decoration: none;" href="https://www.instagram.com/p/Cfg1vyAL7yR/?utm_source=ig_embed&utm_campaign=loading" target="_blank" rel="noopener">A post shared by Rebel Wilson (@rebelwilson)</a></p> </div> </blockquote> <p>She explained the feeling of guilt she has experienced after a big meal but shared her learnings that it “doesn’t help to be hard on yourself”.</p> <p>She continued: “But if you’re like me just know YOU are more than just your weight, your weight doesn’t define you, just try your best to be healthy and don’t be so hard on yourself.</p> <p>Meanwhile, others shared their similar stories to Wilson’s including one who said, “I needed this, thank you so much, you look stunning”.</p> <p>Wilson first shared her commitment to a ‘Year of Health’ publicly in 2020, going on to lose 30kg over 12 months. After reaching her goal weight of 74kg in 2020, Wilson kept up her approach and said she’s never felt better.</p> <p>The actress later revealed that it was a trip to the doctor that “really inspired me to get healthier.” Wilson went on to share she would “love to have a family”, and alluded to the possibility of becoming a mother.</p> <p><em>Images: Instagram</em></p>

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Wee-lly bad idea sees horse test positive to caffeine

<p dir="ltr">Winning racehorse Explosive Miss has tested positive to caffeine, but it’s not because the racer has been enjoying some pre-race beverages.</p> <p dir="ltr">The horse tested positive to a random post-race drug test for the substance, which is prohibited in racing, though her trainer, avid coffee-drinker Clinton Isdale, had no idea how it could have happened, as reported by the <em><a href="https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/caffeine-in-trainers-urine-causes-horse-to-fail-post-race-drug-test/NX2UXT52SUDQVPOJ5DO3YA6D5M/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">NZ Herald</a></em>.</p> <p dir="ltr">Mr Isdale told the Racing Integrity Board that he had no idea caffeine ended up in Explosive Miss’ system, but said he would drink roughly three cups of coffee a day and then urinate in the same corner of the stables, behind the horse stalls, every morning.</p> <p dir="ltr">After testing soil samples from the spot, investigators confirmed that caffeine was present.</p> <p dir="ltr">“It is believed that the probable cause of Explosive Miss’ positive has been via contamination by Mr Isdale urinating in the corner of the stables by the stall,” the board said in its decision.</p> <p dir="ltr">As a result, Mr Isdale had to forfeit the $15,000 prize from his horse’s win and had to pay a $2000 fine.</p> <p dir="ltr">Mr Isdale, who has no previous charges for prohibited substances, told the board he was truly remorseful for his actions.</p> <p dir="ltr">“I am a hardworking young trainer in the industry and have worked tirelessly to get to this position in racing,” he said.</p> <p dir="ltr">“I’m truly sorry this happened and take full responsibility and have thoroughly improved my stable practice so nothing like this happens again.”</p> <p dir="ltr">This isn’t the first case of horses testing positive to caffeine thanks to their trainers, with a similar case resulting in a trainer being fined $2,000 in March last year after it was found they had also been urinating in the corner of the horse’s stall.</p> <p dir="ltr">Caffeine is banned in horse racing because it’s purported to give animals an edge, with the Equestrian Sports NZ website warning trainers to “be aware when drinking soft drinks around your horse, or eating snacks such as biscuits or chocolate bars as caffeine is a common positive test result”.</p> <p><span id="docs-internal-guid-c054e756-7fff-d935-129e-5e4801cf1b39"></span></p> <p dir="ltr"><em>Image: Getty Images</em></p>

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Prince Andrew tests positive for COVID-19

<p dir="ltr">Prince Andrew has tested positive for COVID-19, and his limited appearance at the Queen’s Platinum Jubilee celebrations will be entirely scrapped as a result.</p> <p dir="ltr">Buckingham Palace confirmed his positive result on Thursday, with a spokesman adding he would no longer attend Friday’s National Service of Thanksgiving at St Paul’s Cathedral, as reported by <em><a href="https://www.news.com.au/entertainment/celebrity-life/royals/platinum-jubilee-prince-andrew-tests-positive-for-covid19/news-story/8a971cc3c4f855a60358705402487b4f" target="_blank" rel="noopener">news.com.au</a></em>.</p> <p dir="ltr">“After undertaking a routine test the Duke has tested positive for Covid and with regret will no longer be attending tomorrow’s service,” the spokesman said.</p> <p dir="ltr">Queen Elizabeth II has also withdrawn from appearing at the service at the last minute, citing “discomfort” according to the Palace.</p> <p dir="ltr">If she and Prince Andrew had attended, they would be joining a large contingent of their royal relatives, including Prince Harry and Meghan Markle.</p> <p dir="ltr">The Duke of York was also notably absent from the Buckingham Palace balcony during Thursday’s Trooping the Colour, after the Queen only allowed for working royals to join her at the iconic spot.</p> <p dir="ltr">As a result, she was joined by Prince Charles, the Duchess of Cornwall, the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge and several minor royals.</p> <p dir="ltr">Her eldest daughter, Princess Beatrice, didn’t appear on the balcony but could be seen watching from a palace window.</p> <p dir="ltr">Having spent time with the Queen prior to testing positive, some are concerned that Prince Andrew may have exposed the monarch, who previously caught the virus in February.</p> <p dir="ltr">However, the <em><a href="https://www.bbc.com/news" target="_blank" rel="noopener">BBC</a></em> have reported that Andrew has undergone regular testing and hasn’t seen the Queen since testing positive.</p> <p dir="ltr">The Duke has stepped away from his public role in recent years, and has appeared in a limited capacity following his settlement with Virginia Giuffre, who accused him of sexual assault.</p> <p><span id="docs-internal-guid-e0ba694a-7fff-f92b-7ca9-376c554b9784"></span></p> <p dir="ltr"><em>Image: Getty Images</em></p>

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Toxic positivity: societal pressure to feel good could have the opposite effect

<div class="copy"> <p><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-04262-z" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">A multi-national study</a> of 40 countries has found that the societal pressure to feel good is linked to poorer wellbeing in individuals. In almost all countries, experiencing pressure to be happy and not sad was related to more and stronger negative feelings, and stronger symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress.</p> <p>Interestingly, this relationship was almost twice as strong in countries with higher national happiness, compared to those with lower national happiness – suggesting it may have downsides for some members of society.</p> <p>“The level of happiness individuals feel pressured to achieve may be unattainable and reveal differences between an individual’s emotional life and the emotions society approves of,” says lead author Dr Egon Dejonckheere from the Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences at KU Leuven, Belgium, and assistant professor in the Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology at Tilburg University in the Netherlands.</p> <p>“This discrepancy between an individual and society may create a perceived failure that can trigger negative emotions,” he explains. “In countries where all citizens appear to be happy, deviations from the expected norm are likely more apparent, which makes it more distressing.”</p> <p>The international team of scientists, including Australian researchers from the University of Melbourne, investigated how the perceived societal pressure to be happy predicts emotional, cognitive, and clinical indicators of wellbeing in a survey of nearly 7,500 people.</p> <p>Published in <em>Springer Nature</em>, the study then went a step further to evaluate the role of the nations’ global happiness levels on the relationship between societal pressure and wellbeing, using their World Happiness Index (WHI) scores.</p> <p>This score is taken from the <a href="https://worldhappiness.report/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">World Happiness Report</a> and is a measure of the average self-reported life satisfaction displayed by inhabitants of a particular country. Countries included in the study that were rated as having higher happiness in the World Happiness Index included The Netherlands and Canada, while countries rated with lower happiness included Uganda and Senegal.</p> <p>As a <a href="https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-a-cross-sectional-study-2794978#:~:text=A%20cross%2Dsectional%20study%20involves,one%20specific%20point%20in%20time.&amp;text=This%20method%20is%20often%20used,support%20further%20research%20and%20experimentation." target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">cross-sectional study</a>, the researchers acknowledge that while these findings can highlight a correlation between these factors, it cannot prove causality. Nonetheless, they do suggest that changing societal discourse from promoting a one-sided embrace of emotions to one where people learn to appreciate the full scope of their emotional lives (both positive and negative), could have beneficial effects for people’s psychological well-being in the long run.</p> <p><em>Image credits: Getty Images</em></p> <p><em><img id="cosmos-post-tracker" style="opacity: 0; height: 1px!important; width: 1px!important; border: 0!important; position: absolute!important; z-index: -1!important;" src="https://syndication.cosmosmagazine.com/?id=182523&amp;title=Toxic+positivity%3A+societal+pressure+to+feel+good+could+have+the+opposite+effect" width="1" height="1" data-spai-target="src" data-spai-orig="" data-spai-exclude="nocdn" /></em></div> <div id="contributors"> <p><em>This article was originally published on <a href="https://cosmosmagazine.com/health/body-and-mind/toxic-positivity-societal-pressure-to-feel-good-could-have-the-opposite-effect/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">cosmosmagazine.com</a> and was written by Imma Perfetto. </em></p> </div>

Mind

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Senator claims dog tested positive to Covid in Australian first

<p dir="ltr">Northern Territory Senator and former veterinarian Sam McMahon says a dog in Darwin has tested positive for COVID-19 via a rapid antigen test.</p><p dir="ltr">Senator McMahon conducted two telehealth appointments with the symptomatic pooch and believes the positive result marks the first case of its kind in Australia.</p><p dir="ltr">“It’s quite an unusual case … the dog appears to have contracted Covid from its owner,” Senator McMahon told <em>ABC Radio Darwin</em>.</p><p dir="ltr">However, animal virus expert Dr Farhid Hemmatzadeh said the tests were not accurate or reliable enough to test dogs - or any other species besides humans.</p><p dir="ltr">“[From] a scientific point of view, the [rapid antigen test] hasn’t been validated for use in any other animal species except humans,” Dr Hemmatzadeh told the <em><a href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-02-16/dog-diagnosed-with-covid-by-federal-senator-sam-mcmahon/100830230" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ABC</a></em>.</p><p dir="ltr">“Of course, the test detects the COVID-19 viral antigen, but regarding all unevaluated materials in dog nasal cavity, the results are not reliable as a valid test in dogs.”</p><p dir="ltr">Although cases of dogs contracting the virus that causes COVID-19 have been <a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11357-021-00444-9" target="_blank" rel="noopener">recorded </a>elsewhere in the world, it is understood that there have been no recorded cases of Covid in dogs in Australia until now.</p><p dir="ltr">The symptomatic dog, a three-year-old crossbreed, developed a “loud cough” after its owner tested positive to Covid.</p><p dir="ltr">“They called me because their dog - which is young, healthy and fully vaccinated with routine canine vaccinations - was suddenly coughing,” Senator McMahon said.</p><p dir="ltr">The owner tested the dog for the virus using a rapid antigen test, which returned a positive result on February 9.</p><p dir="ltr">Senator McMahon said she was “satisfied that the owner had performed the test correctly and that the test was highly likely to be accurate”.</p><p dir="ltr">Though the Department of Agriculture’s animal health committee recommends testing animals at the CSIRO Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness to confirm whether they have COVID-19, Senator McMahon said no further tests were done on the dog in question “due to the owner’s Covid status”.</p><p dir="ltr">Given that pets seem to exhibit only mild symptoms of Covid if they test positive, there are currently no vaccines against the virus for pets, according to the RSPCA.</p><p dir="ltr">Dr Hemmatzadeh said it was uncommon for dogs to contract Covid, and that serious illness is “extremely rare”.</p><p dir="ltr">“The virus stays in the nasal cavity of the exposed dogs for a couple of days, and it will disappear when the dogs are not exposed to the virus from other people,” Dr Hemmatzadeh said.</p><p dir="ltr">Professor Glenn Browning, a veterinary microbiologist, said that some dogs may be susceptible to contracting Covid, but that there was no evidence of pets transmitting the virus to humans.</p><p dir="ltr">“People are the danger to the pets rather than pets being a danger to [their] owners,” Professor Browning said.</p><p dir="ltr">Senator McMahon said the dog has since made a full recovery.</p><p><span id="docs-internal-guid-dc4a6d4e-7fff-4ab0-066c-402aef517108"></span></p><p dir="ltr"><em>Image: Getty Images</em></p>

Family & Pets

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The 3 problems with fines for not reporting positive COVID tests

<p>The NSW government this week decreed that anyone returning a positive COVID-19 reading using a rapid antigen test must report their result (through the Service NSW app or <a rel="noopener" href="https://www.service.nsw.gov.au/transaction/register-positive-rapid-antigen-test-result" target="_blank">website</a>). Failing to do so can result in a $1,000 fine.</p> <p>The new rule came into effect on January 12 (there will be a one-week grace period). In the first 24 hours more than 80,000 people registered positive tests (recorded since January 1). In one sense that’s a lot. But since we have no idea of the total number of tests taken – let alone the number with a positive result – it’s hard to calibrate.</p> <p>The fine threat raises a number of questions, with the first being how will the government know if you test positive and don’t record it? On Wednesday, NSW Premier Dominic Perrottet admitted that it would be a hard law to enforce, <a rel="noopener" href="https://www.theage.com.au/national/nsw/massive-surge-spike-in-covid-cases-as-nsw-records-rapid-tests-20220112-p59nq2.html" target="_blank">saying</a>:</p> <blockquote> <p><em>there are obviously areas right across the state where there are laws that are harder to enforce than others, this is clearly one that will be harder to enforce, there’s no doubt about it.</em></p> </blockquote> <p>Given this, it’s hard to know what the point of the announced penalty is. Indeed, both the economic theory and behavioural research research suggests it will achieve the opposite of its intention.</p> <p><strong>1. Fines act as a disincentive</strong></p> <p>Economists view these rules through the lens of the field of “contract theory”.</p> <p>Rules create incentives that encourage or discourage certain behaviours. In this case, suppose you test positive. If you self-isolate as result, because that’s the right thing to do even without rules, then truthfully reporting the result is of no consequence to you (as long as it’s easy to do, which it is for most people).</p> <p>But if you wouldn’t isolate, then truthfully reporting the results is of consequence. In NSW you face a $5,000 fine for failing to comply with <a rel="noopener" href="https://www.nsw.gov.au/covid-19/stay-safe/rules/legislation-penalties" target="_blank">obligations to self-isolate</a> when diagnosed with COVID-19. Your choice is the low probability of a $1,000 fine for not reporting the result or the higher probability of a $5,000 fine for failing to isolate.</p> <p>So there’s an individual disincentive to even taking the test at all – which is, after all, optional for most. This means fewer tests will be taken, the opposite of what authorities want.</p> <p>From the perspective of contract theory, therefore, this $1,000 fine is likely to reduce tests by those who are not willing or not able (perhaps because they have to work for financial reasons) to voluntarily isolate.</p> <p>So you can bet that these folks will be calculating the odds of getting caught. This is the way some people think about parking fines, or thieves think about stealing bicycles. It’s a calculation involving the size of the penalty and the probability of getting caught.</p> <p><strong>2. Fines can turn off good behaviour</strong></p> <p>Some scholars, such as Harvard philosopher Michael Sandel, argue the very act of putting a dollar value on things causes people to think of them in a transactional way. It’s no longer “wrong” to park in a no-standing zone, there’s just a kind of fee for it. In other words, fines can destroy civic virtue.</p> <p><iframe width="440" height="260" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/GvDpYHyBlgc?wmode=transparent&amp;start=0" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen=""></iframe></p> <p>A classic example of this comes from <a rel="noopener" href="https://rady.ucsd.edu/faculty/directory/gneezy/pub/docs/fine.pdf" target="_blank">a study</a> by behavioural economists Uri Gneezy and Aldo Rustichini on ways to encourage parents to pick up their children from child-care centres on time.</p> <p>Parents being late meant staff had to stay behind. The study involved some centres introducing fines to deter late pickups. But the fines actually led to more late pickups. Parents no longer felt so guilty. Being on time was no longer a social norm but a transaction. They could pay to disregard the expectation.</p> <p>So, too, it might be with this week’s $1,000 fine rule. In the unlikely event of getting caught, some might see the fine as just “the cost of doing business”.</p> <p><strong>3. Fines can make a mockery of the law</strong></p> <p>A final consideration about the $1,000 fine for failing to report a positive RAT tests concerns the problem of laws that cannot be enforced. The NSW government concede the new rule will hard to police and is mostly about <a rel="noopener" href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-01-13/sydney-news-rapid-covid-test-fines-hard-to-police-minister-says/100753328" target="_blank">messaging</a>.</p> <p>“If we didn’t put a fine on it then people would say you’re not taking it seriously,” the minister for customer service said. But this is just turning a law into a bit of a joke. Laws being openly “mocked” damage the rule of law itself.</p> <p><strong>Getting rules right</strong></p> <p>These three complementary perspectives all point to the $1,000 fine for failing to report a positive rapid antigen test being a bad idea.</p> <p>It’s good to make it convenient for people to do the right thing (that’s what the Service NSW app does). It’s good to encourage people to do the right thing. It would be really good if there were lots of RATs available (ideally for free or close to it) so people can have the information to empower and protect themselves, their families and their communities.</p> <p>This does none of these things. It’s bad to enact a rule that makes a mockery of the law and likely to be counterproductive.</p> <p><!-- Below is The Conversation's page counter tag. Please DO NOT REMOVE. --><!-- End of code. If you don't see any code above, please get new code from the Advanced tab after you click the republish button. The page counter does not collect any personal data. More info: https://theconversation.com/republishing-guidelines --></p> <p><em><a rel="noopener" href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/richard-holden-118107" target="_blank">Richard Holden</a>, Professor of Economics, <a rel="noopener" href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/unsw-1414" target="_blank">UNSW</a></em></p> <p><em>This article is republished from <a rel="noopener" href="https://theconversation.com" target="_blank">The Conversation</a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a rel="noopener" href="https://theconversation.com/vital-signs-the-3-problems-with-fines-for-not-reporting-positive-covid-tests-174774" target="_blank">original article</a>.</em></p> <p><em>Image: Getty Images</em></p>

Money & Banking

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Kyrgios' solemn vow despite positive COVID test

<p dir="ltr"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Australian tennis player Nick Kyrgios </span><a rel="noopener" href="https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-10385927/Nick-Kyrgios-reveals-hes-tested-positive-Covid-vows-play-Australian-Open.html" target="_blank"><span style="font-weight: 400;">has revealed</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> he has tested positive to COVID-19, prompting his withdrawal from the Sydney Tennis Classic and jeopardising his chances at the upcoming Australian Open.</span></p> <p dir="ltr">Kyrgios withdrew from the Sydney competition on Monday two hours before his match with Fabio Fognini at Ken Rosewall Arena at Sydney’s Olympic Park.</p> <p dir="ltr">He later took to Instagram to explain it was due to testing positive to the virus.</p> <p><img style="width: 500px; height: 281.25px;" src="https://oversixtydev.blob.core.windows.net/media/7846722/kyrgios1.jpg" alt="" data-udi="umb://media/494a067db51a4703871a3433b9e5a568" /></p> <p dir="ltr"><em>Image: @k1ngkyrg1os (Instagram)</em></p> <p dir="ltr">“Hey everyone, I just want to be open and transparent with everyone,” he wrote.</p> <p dir="ltr">“The reason I have had to pull out of Sydney is because I tested positive for Covid. I am feeling healthy at the moment with no symptoms.</p> <p dir="ltr">“I wish everyone all the best and to stay safe where you can.</p> <p dir="ltr">“If all goes well I will see you all at The Australian Open.”</p> <p dir="ltr">The 26-year-old’s late withdrawal comes after he missed the Melbourne Summer Set last week due to asthma.</p> <p dir="ltr">As Kyrgios is currently in NSW, he will be expected to isolate for seven days.</p> <p dir="ltr">With the Australian Open due to start in Melbourne on Monday, January 17, Kyrgios’ isolation period casts doubt on whether he can make it on time and compete, let alone whether he develops any symptoms.</p> <p dir="ltr">Despite his huge announcement, Kyrgios has been overshadowed by the ongoing drama surrounding Novak Djokovic - who may still be forced to leave Australia by the Immigration Minister.</p> <p dir="ltr"><a rel="noopener" href="https://freewestmedia.com/2022/01/10/three-players-drop-out-of-australian-open-with-chest-issues-while-djokovic-awaits-his-fate/" target="_blank">Several other players</a><span> </span>due to play at the Australian Open have also withdrawn due to breathing issues, including Georgian player Nikoloz Basilashvili, who told his team that “every shot I’m out of breath”.</p> <p dir="ltr">Dalila Jakupovic was also forced to retire after dropping to the ground during her match.</p> <p dir="ltr">“I was really scared that I would collapse,” she told<span> </span><em>The West Australian</em>. “That’s why I went onto the floor because I couldn’t walk anymore.</p> <p dir="ltr">“I don’t have asthma and never had breathing problems. But the points were a bit longer and I just couldn’t breathe anymore and I just fell on the floor.”</p> <p dir="ltr">Though organisers of the Australian Open haved blamed poor “<a rel="noopener" href="https://www.ubitennis.net/2020/01/players-suffer-coughing-fits-breathing-difficulties-australian-open-qualifying/" target="_blank">air quality</a>” for the select players’ struggles, Melbourne’s air quality is<span> </span><a rel="noopener" href="https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/air-pollution" target="_blank">ranked</a><span> </span>as “good” by international standards.</p> <p><em>Image: Getty Images</em></p>

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Royal Christmas in crisis after family member tests positive

<p dir="ltr">Princess Anne’s husband Admiral Sir Timothy Laurence has tested positive for COVID-19, forcing the couple to isolate over Christmas.</p> <p dir="ltr">Buckingham Palace confirmed Mr Laurence had contracted the virus, and that the couple will no longer visit the Queen at Windsor Castle for Christmas because they are self-isolating at home in Gloucestershire for the next ten days.</p> <p dir="ltr">Royal aides have not yet confirmed who will attend Christmas Day celebrations at Windsor Castle, for the first Christmas Queen Elizabeth will spend without Prince Philip.</p> <p dir="ltr">The Queen had earlier decided not to travel to her Sandringham estate for this year’s holiday celebrations out of an abundance of caution amid the rising number of COVID-19 cases related to the Omicron variant. Having been<span> </span><a rel="noopener" href="https://oversixty.com.au/health/caring/queen-makes-first-in-person-appearance-since-being-hospitalised" target="_blank">hospitalised earlier this year</a>, ensuring the Queen’s good health is likely a priority this holiday season.</p> <p dir="ltr">The royal family typically spends Christmas at their Sandringham estate in Norfolk, for celebrations that include a walk to the Christmas Day service at St Mary Magdalene Church on the estate.</p> <p dir="ltr">Prince William recently<span> </span><a rel="noopener" href="https://oversixty.com.au/lifestyle/family-pets/tearful-prince-william-recalls-sweet-memory-with-diana" target="_blank">shared his memories</a><span> </span>of the annual walk in an episode of Apple’s ‘Time to Walk’ audio series, describing Prince Phillip plowing ahead towards the church while "there'd be us at the back with little legs trying to keep up."</p> <p dir="ltr">Queen Elizabeth was expected to host the family’s annual Christmas luncheon, but cancelled the event last week in light of increasing COVID-19 cases.</p> <p dir="ltr">All of the royal estates receive a makeover for Christmas, regardless of whether members of the royal family will be present to enjoy them or not. The Royal Collection Trust recently<span> </span><a rel="noopener" href="https://oversixty.com.au/lifestyle/beauty-style/take-a-sneak-peek-at-the-queen-s-palace-at-christmas-time" target="_blank">released several photos</a><span> </span>of the Palace of Holyroodhouse in Edinburgh decorated for the festive season.</p> <p dir="ltr"><em>Image: Sean Gallup/Getty Images</em></p>

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