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Traditional skills help people on the tourism-deprived Pacific Islands survive the pandemic

<p>Tourism in the South Pacific has been <a href="https://theconversation.com/sun-sand-and-uncertainty-the-promise-and-peril-of-a-pacific-tourism-bubble-139661">hit hard by COVID-19</a> border closures with thousands of people out of work.</p> <p>Tourism normally provides one in four jobs in Vanuatu and one in three jobs in Cook Islands. It contributes <a href="https://pic.or.jp/ja/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/2018-Annual-Visitor-Arrivals-ReportF.pdf">between 20% and 70% of the GDP</a> of countries spanning from Samoa and Vanuatu to Fiji and Cook Islands.</p> <p>But our <a href="https://mro.massey.ac.nz/handle/10179/15742">research</a> shows how people are surviving – and in some cases, thriving – in the face of significant loss of income.</p> <p>This is due in part to their reliance on customary knowledge, systems and practices.</p> <p><strong>Islands impacted by border closures</strong></p> <p>The research involved an online survey completed by 106 people, along with interviews in six tourism-dependent locations across five countries.</p> <p>Research associates based in these countries did interviews in places such as villages next to resorts, or communities that regularly provided cultural tours for cruise ship passengers.</p> <p>They spoke with former and current tourism workers, community members and business owners who reflected on how they had adapted and what they hoped the future would hold.</p> <p>Almost 90% of survey respondents lived in households facing significant reductions in income. Owners of tourism-related businesses faced particular financial strain, with 85% of them saying they lost three-quarters or more of their usual income.</p> <p>But people showed considerable adaptive capacities and resilience in devising a range of strategies to meet their needs in the face of this dramatic loss of earnings.</p> <p>More than half the respondents were growing food for their families. Many were also fishing. People talked about using the natural abundance of the land and sea to provide food.</p> <p>One person from Rarotonga, part of the Cook Islands, said “no one is going hungry” and this was due to a number of factors:</p> <ol> <li>people had access to customary land on which to grow food</li> <li>traditional systems meant neighbours, clan members and church communities helped to provide for those who were more vulnerable</li> <li>there was still sufficient knowledge within communities to teach younger members who had lost jobs how to grow food and fish.</li> </ol> <p>One young man from Samoa, who had lost his job in a hotel, said:</p> <p><em>Like our family, everyone else has gone back to the land … I’ve had to relearn skills that have been not been used for years, skills in planting and especially in fishing … I am very happy with the plantation of mixed crops I have now and feeling confident we will be OK moving forward in these times of uncertainty.</em></p> <p><strong>Alternative livelihood options</strong></p> <p>People also engaged in a wide range of initiatives to earn cash, from selling products from their farms (fruit, root crops, other vegetables, cocoa, pigs and chickens) and the sea (a wide range of fish and shellfish) to starting small businesses.</p> <p>Examples included planting flowers to sell in bunches along the roadside, making doughnuts to take to the market, or offering sewing, yard maintenance or hair-cutting services.</p> <p>Goods and services were also <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/may/08/two-piglets-for-a-kayak-fiji-returns-to-barter-system-as-covid-19-hits-economy">bartered</a>, rather than exchanged for cash.</p> <p>Sometimes social groups banded together to encourage one another in activities that earned an income. For example, a youth group near the resort island of Denarau, in Fiji, gained a contract to provide weekly catering for a rugby club.</p> <p><strong>When times are hard, it’s not all bad</strong></p> <p>Our study also examined four aspects of well-being: mental, financial, social and physical. Understandably, there was a clear decline in financial well-being. This was sometimes associated with greater stress and conflict within households.</p> <p>As one Cook Islands man said:</p> <p><em>There’s so many people in the house that we’re fighting over who’s going to pay for this, who’s going to pay for that.</em></p> <p>But the impacts on social, mental and physical well-being were mixed, with quite a number of people showing improvements.</p> <p><strong>How has COVID-19 impacted on the wellbeing of your family, household or community?</strong></p> <p>Many people were effusive in their responses when talking about how they now had more time with family, especially children. This was particularly the case for women who had previously worked long hours in the tourism sector. As one said:</p> <p><em>I feel staying (at home) during this pandemic has really helped a lot, especially with my kids. Now everything is in order. The spending of quality time with my family has been excellent and awesome.</em></p> <p>Others expressed satisfaction they had more time for meeting religious and cultural obligations. As one said, “everyone is more connected now”, and people had more time to look after others in the community:</p> <p><em>Extended family harmony has improved, particularly with checking welfare of others who may need help during this time.</em></p> <p>Business owners appreciated the chance to “rest and recharge”. As one Fijian business owner said:</p> <p><em>This break has given us a new breath of life. We have since analysed and pondered on what are the most important things in life apart from money. We have strengthened our relationships with friends and family, worked together, laughed and enjoyed each other’s company.</em></p> <p>These early research findings suggest customary systems are effectively supporting people’s resilience and well-being in the Pacific. A Pacific ethos of caring, respect, social and ecological custodianship and togetherness has softened the harsh blow of the COVID-19-induced economic slowdown.</p> <p><em>Written by <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/regina-scheyvens-650907">Regina Scheyvens</a>, Massey University and <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/apisalome-movono-1108178">Apisalome Movono</a>, Massey University. Republished with permission of <a href="https://theconversation.com/traditional-skills-help-people-on-the-tourism-deprived-pacific-islands-survive-the-pandemic-148987">The Conversation.</a> </em></p>

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We’re not sleeping enough and it is killing us

<p>Inadequate sleep has a huge impact on how you function, feel and think, yet recent data has revealed that 50 per cent of people are failing to get enough shut-eye.</p> <p>Despite being exhausted, 75 per cent of people are also having difficulty falling asleep once they lay their head on their pillow.</p> <p>Most people will pin their sleep deprivation on either a busy schedule that physically removes you from your bed, or a busy mind that mentally keeps you alert during the night.</p> <p>It is recommended that adults get 7-9 hours sleep each night and Dr Nick Fuller has shared tips with <a href="https://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/lifestyle/were-not-sleeping-enough-and-its-killing-us/news-story/8dfd04ff4efb4e94d06da2c805ed9c8a" target="_blank"><strong><em><span style="text-decoration: underline;">The Daily Telegraph</span></em></strong></a> on how to make sure that happens.</p> <p><strong>1. Boost serotonin levels</strong></p> <p>Not only does serotonin regulate sleep but also your mood and appetite. It is derived from the amino acid, tryptophan, so make sure your evening meal contains naturally high amounts of tryptophan. Some examples of foods containing tryptophan include dairy foods, eggs, tofu, soy beans, salmon, lamb, chicken, turkey, cherries, Kiwi fruit, nuts and seeds.</p> <p><strong>2. Have a good bed</strong></p> <p>You spend a lot of time in your bed and sleeping is such an important aspect of your health, so it is justifiable to spend good money to make sure you have a quality bed.</p> <p><strong>3. Avoid caffeine</strong></p> <p>Dr Fuller recommends avoid having coffee six hours before you go to bed. Many people also forget about caffeine in tea, so if you are having a tea before bed, opt for herbal tea.</p> <p><strong>4. Remove screens from bedroom</strong></p> <p>Not only should you not go on your computer or phone right before bed, but Dr Fuller also suggests removing the technology entirely from your room. This will give your body a chance to produce melatonin, the hormone that regulates sleep.</p> <p><strong>5. Regular exercise</strong></p> <p>Consistency is key when it comes to exercise and we all know that it improves our quality of life throughout the day, but it also improves our quality of sleep.</p> <p><strong>6. Limit fluids before bed</strong></p> <p>To avoid waking up in the middle of the night to go to the bathroom, moderate your fluids after 4pm.</p> <p><strong>7. Avoid smoking before bed</strong></p> <p>Dr Fuller explains that nicotine is a stimulant and can prevent a good sleep and cause insomnia. Call the Quitline 137 848 to discuss free available support to stop smoking.</p> <p>What are your tips for getting a good night’s sleep? Do you have trouble sleeping? Let us know in the comments below.</p>

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