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Age, not weight, should be the big decider in whether to screen for diabetes

<p><span style="font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif;">Because it’s possible to be diabetic or prediabetic without any symptoms, and early diagnoses lead to better health outcomes, lots of countries have screening programs for diabetes.</span></p> <div class="copy"> <p>In the US, overweight or obese people between 35 and 70 are recommended to regularly get diabetes tests.</p> <p>But <a href="https://www.ajpmonline.org/article/S0749-3797(23)00006-5/fulltext" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">new research</a> in the <em>American Journal of Preventative Medicine</em> has called this into question, suggesting that screening based purely on age will catch the greatest proportion of diabetic and prediabetic people.</p> <p>“It might sound counterintuitive because we think of being overweight or obese as the primary cause of diabetes,” says lead author Dr Matthew O’Brien, an associate professor of medicine at Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, US.</p> <p>“But if we make decisions about diabetes testing based on weight, we will miss some people from racial and ethnic minority groups who are developing prediabetes and diabetes at lower weights.”</p> <p>The researchers examined data from all the 2021 diabetes screenings recommended by the US Preventive Services Task Force. Based on this data, they recommend screening every US adult aged between 35 and 70.</p> <p>“All major racial and ethnic minority groups develop diabetes at lower weights than white adults, and it’s most pronounced for Asian Americans,” says O’Brien.</p> <p>Roughly half of US adults have Type 2 diabetes or prediabetes, and 81% of adults with prediabetes don’t know they have it. Diagnoses are delayed in ethnic minorities, compared to white people.</p> <p>“Diabetes is a condition in which unacceptable racial and ethnic disparities persist,” says O’Brien.</p> <p>“That’s why we need a screening approach that maximises equity. If we can find everyone earlier, it helps us reduce these disparities and the bad outcomes that follow.”</p> <p>The researchers also found that it might be beneficial for members of some ethnic minorities to receive earlier screening, but they don’t formally recommend it.</p> <p>“It’s imperative that we identify a screening approach that is equitable across the entire US population,” says O’Brien.</p> <p>“Our findings illustrate that screening all adults aged 35 to 70 years, regardless of weight or body mass index, performs equitably across all racial and ethnic groups.”</p> <p>This age cut-off also makes it much simpler for clinicians to decide whether someone should get a diabetes test.</p> <p>“There are many ways to nudge patients and providers to complete this testing, which should be the focus of future research,” says O’Brien.</p> <p>In Australia, diabetes tests are recommended based on a <a href="https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/diabetes-screening-tests" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">range of risk factors</a>, including age, waist measurement, ethnicity, physical activity and family history. Diabetes Australia has a <a href="https://www.diabetesaustralia.com.au/risk-calculator/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">risk calculator</a> with which you can determine your own risk.</p> <p><img id="cosmos-post-tracker" style="opacity: 0; height: 1px!important; width: 1px!important; border: 0!important; position: absolute!important; z-index: -1!important;" src="https://syndication.cosmosmagazine.com/?id=240911&amp;title=Age%2C+not+weight%2C+should+be+the+big+decider+in+whether+to+screen+for+diabetes" width="1" height="1" data-spai-target="src" data-spai-orig="" data-spai-exclude="nocdn" /></div> <div id="contributors"> <p><em>This article was originally published on <a href="https://cosmosmagazine.com/health/diabetes-tests-screening-age-weight/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">cosmosmagazine.com</a> and was written by <a href="https://cosmosmagazine.com/contributor/ellen-phiddian">Ellen Phiddian</a>. </em></p> <p><em>Images: Shutterstock</em></p> </div>

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Here’s who decides cause of death, how death certificates work – and whether a person died with or of COVID

<p>COVID was Australia’s <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2022/aug/08/covid-becomes-australias-third-most-common-cause-of-death-in-2022">third leading cause of death</a> (after heart disease and dementia) in 2022. In a <a href="https://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Lookup/by%20Subject/3303.0%7E2017%7EMain%20Features%7EDeaths%20due%20to%20influenza%7E5">bad flu year</a> we have about 1,200 influenza deaths. We had more than <a href="https://covidlive.com.au/">1,500</a> COVID deaths in just the first month of 2023. We need to take COVID seriously. It is not like a cold or the flu. It is an exceptional disease.</p> <p>Because of the availability of vaccines and antivirals, there is no need for panic or further lockdowns. But there is no room for complacency either.</p> <p>The starting point in taking COVID seriously is ensuring policymakers and the public have confidence in the data about who is getting sick and who is dying. Without accurate data, there is no way to track the disease or work out how best to contain it.</p> <p>And a crucial part of this is ensuring people understand how death certificates work and how death data are recorded.</p> <h2>Dying of COVID or with COVID?</h2> <p>A common misconception is that the numbers being reported are people who died with, not of, COVID. </p> <p>Dying of COVID means COVID caused your death. Dying withCOVID means you died from another cause, but just happened to have COVID at the time.</p> <p>While we routinely collect data about both, a COVID death is when you die of COVID.</p> <p>This misconception makes it easy to dismiss COVID deaths on the basis that the numbers being reported are exaggerated. Dismissing the numbers makes people complacent and lets governments off the hook. If we all pretend COVID is just a mild disease, there is no need for governments and individuals to do our bit to minimise its spread.</p> <p>For most people whose vaccinations are up to date, COVID really is a mild disease. But about <a href="https://www.smh.com.au/national/we-re-all-vulnerable-one-in-10-people-will-end-up-with-long-covid-new-study-says-20230115-p5ccn5.html">one in ten</a> people infected with COVID go on to develop “long COVID” and the number of COVID deaths just keeps increasing as the pandemic drags on.</p> <h2>How the system works</h2> <p>The cause of every death in Australia must be certified by a medical practitioner. If the cause of death is not clear, the death is reported to the state or territory coroner for a coronial investigation. </p> <p>After the cause of death is determined either by a medical practitioner or the coroner, a death certificate is issued and sent to the bureau of births, deaths and marriages in each state or territory. </p> <p>From there, the data are sent to the Australian Bureau of Statistics, which is the independent statutory agency responsible for national statistical reporting.</p> <h2>The death certificate</h2> <p>The <a href="https://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Latestproducts/1205.0.55.001Main%20Features12008?opendocument&amp;tabname=Summary&amp;prodno=1205.0.55.001&amp;issue=2008&amp;num=&amp;view=">death certificate</a> records the immediate cause or the condition that led directly to death. It also records what are called “antecedent causes”.</p> <p>Antecedent causes are the underlying causes. These are the conditions or events that occurred before the immediate cause. All other significant conditions that contributed to the death but were not related to the disease or condition that caused it must also be reported.</p> <p>So how does it work in practice? Imagine a family member dies of respiratory problems after having COVID. In this imaginary case, the direct cause of death is recorded as “acute respiratory distress syndrome”. The acute respiratory distress syndrome was due to pneumonia. In turn, the pneumonia was due to COVID. COVID is recorded as the antecedent cause of death. So the data may be recorded like this:</p> <p><img src="https://oversixtydev.blob.core.windows.net/media/2023/02/med-cert.jpg" alt="" width="1280" height="720" /></p> <p>The way medical certificates are written is important. They give us quite accurate data on who dies of COVID (where COVID recorded as the direct or the antecedent cause) and who dies with it (COVID recorded as an “other significant condition”). We use both of these pieces of information for different purposes.</p> <h2>Professional judgment</h2> <p>While the cause of a person’s death is usually clear, this isn’t always the case. Sometimes doctors and coroners have to exercise their professional judgement in determining the cause of death. </p> <p>But this is a long way from claims on social media that medical practitioners and coroners are systematically reporting deaths “with COVID” as deaths “of COVID” as a way to exaggerate the COVID death toll. This is simply nonsense.</p> <p>There are often time delays between a person dying and their death certificate being issued.</p> <p>This is particularly the case for deaths referred to the coroner for investigation. In the interim, health departments around the country need data in real time so they can track the pandemic. They compile provisional COVID cause of death data as they go and then progressively update their data as death certificates are finalised. While this causes the numbers to fluctuate a little from week to week, the data used in official statistics are of very high quality.</p> <p>Australian clinical training, standards and documentation are excellent by all international standards. Australia has well developed systems in place for the accurate reporting of the causes of death and illness.</p> <p>These systems should inspire confidence in the numbers and that medical practitioners and coroners are reporting COVID deaths correctly.</p> <p><em>Image credits: Getty Images</em></p> <p><em>This article originally appeared on <a href="https://theconversation.com/heres-who-decides-cause-of-death-how-death-certificates-work-and-whether-a-person-died-with-or-of-covid-198401" target="_blank" rel="noopener">The Conversation</a>. </em></p>

Caring

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Court to decide if Happy the elephant is a legal person

<p dir="ltr">An Asian elephant called Happy has lived at the Bronx Zoo for the past 45 years, but the question of whether she is legally human - and entitled to human rights - has been posed to New York’s highest court, per <em><a href="https://www.nzherald.co.nz/travel/happy-the-elephants-historic-human-rights-trial-for-legal-person-status/365QJSJP4AF5DJLUZ34JYDE7RA/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">NZHerald</a></em>.</p> <p dir="ltr">On one hand, advocates at the Nonhuman Rights Project say she is an autonomous, cognitively complex elephant and should be released from her current enclosure under a habeas corpus proceeding, which is a way for people to challenge illegal confinement.</p> <p dir="ltr">Bronx Zoo, on the other hand, say she shouldn’t be considered a person, with an attorney arguing that Happy isn’t illegally imprisoned nor a person, and is in fact a well-cared for elephant that is “respected as the magnificent creature she is”.</p> <p dir="ltr">The Nonhuman Rights Project are calling for Happy to be moved from a “one-acre prison” at the zoo to another, more spacious sanctuary.</p> <p dir="ltr">“She has an interest in exercising her choices and deciding who she wants to be with, and where to go, and what to do, and what to eat,” attorney Monica Millar, representing the advocates, told the Associated Press ahead of the oral arguments.</p> <p dir="ltr">“And the zoo is prohibiting her from making any of those choices herself.”</p> <p dir="ltr">The group said Happy became the first elephant to pass a self-awareness indicator test in 2005, after repeatedly touching a white “X” on her forehead while looking into a large mirror.</p> <p dir="ltr">Meanwhile, the zoo and its supporters argue that a win for the Nonhuman Rights Project could prompt more legal action on behalf of animals, including pets and other zoo animals.</p> <p dir="ltr">In a prepared statement, the zoo accused the Nonhuman Rights Project (NRP) of exploiting Happy for their “coordinated agenda”.</p> <p dir="ltr">“The blatant exploitation of Happy the elephant by NRP to advance their coordinated agenda shows no concern for the individual animal and reveals the fact they are willing to sacrifice Happy’s health and psychological wellbeing to set precedent,” the zoo said.</p> <p dir="ltr">NRP’s say that Happy’s right to “bodily liberty” is being violated by the zoo, no matter how she is treated, arguing that if Happy’s right to liberty under habeas corpus is recognised by the courts, she will be a “person” and must be released.</p> <p dir="ltr">In court, Judge Jenny Rivera asked Miller about the implication of NRP’s position for other human-animal relationships.</p> <p dir="ltr">“So does that mean that I couldn’t keep a dog?” she asked. “I mean, dogs can memorise words.”</p> <p dir="ltr">Miller said there was currently more evidence showing elephants are extraordinarily cognitively complex and have advanced analytical abilities.</p> <p dir="ltr">The high court case comes after lower courts have ruled against NRP in similar cases, including one involving a chimpanzee in upstate New York named Tommy.</p> <p dir="ltr">It also comes after a different animal rights group won their case to allow Colombian drug kingpin Pablo Escabar’s “cocaine hippos” to be recognised as people with legal rights in the US - though it had no ramifications for the hippos, who currently reside in Colombia.</p> <p dir="ltr">As of publication, the panel of seven judges presiding over the case has <a href="https://www.thelawyersdaily.ca/articles/36592/tale-of-two-animals-marcel-strigberger-" target="_blank" rel="noopener">reserved its decision</a> on the matter, with the answer expected in the coming months.</p> <p><span id="docs-internal-guid-bc920373-7fff-3dd4-d61d-0a2d15961bd9"></span></p> <p dir="ltr"><em>Image: Gigi Glendinning (Nonhuman Rights Project)</em></p>

Legal

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What adds value to your house? How to decide between renovating and selling

<p>The government’s <a href="https://treasury.gov.au/coronavirus/homebuilder">HomeBuilder</a> scheme allows <a href="https://www.corelogic.com.au/news/homebuilder-renovations-where-are-most-owner-occupied-dwellings-below-15-million">certain</a> home owners to apply for a tax-free grant of A$25,000 if they are spending between $150,000 and $750,000 renovating a home or building a new home. Eligibility criteria are strict.</p> <p>The scheme has boosted renovation talk in some circles (although, as CoreLogic has <a href="https://www.corelogic.com.au/news/vacuum-effect-and-its-implications-homebuilder-scheme">pointed</a> out, it may merely bring forward works that were already planned).</p> <p>Here are some questions to ask yourself when trying to decide between renovating and moving – and how to add value to your existing home.</p> <h2>What adds value to a house?</h2> <p>Property market observers <a href="https://www.domain.com.au/advice/how-to-make-your-home-stand-out-when-selling-932031/">advise</a> updating or renewing bathrooms or kitchens – even small fixes such as replacing a cracked or dated splashback, replacing a bath or adding skylights can go a long way.</p> <p>Think about easy repairs that create an invaluable good first impression – a fixed-up fence, a new carpet or resurfaced flooring or even good old decluttering.</p> <p>But remember you’ll only qualify for HomeBuilder if you plan to spend at least $150,000 on an owner-occupied home worth no more than A$1.5 million (CoreLogic has <a href="https://www.corelogic.com.au/news/homebuilder-renovations-where-are-most-owner-occupied-dwellings-below-15-million">listed</a> which suburbs have the most owner-occupied properties under A$1.5 million).</p> <h2>Factors to consider if you’re thinking of renovating</h2> <p>How long till you retire? How secure is your employment? Thinking carefully about your earning potential between now and retirement will help you understand how what you can borrow and afford. If you are planning to stay, you will get the benefit and enjoyment of the renovations. </p> <p>Do you need to stay close to school or work? If that’s a consideration, renovating may be worth more to you than buying further out.</p> <p>Look closely at what your property is worth (there are plenty of online calculators) and keep track of how much similar local properties with one extra bedroom or bathroom sell for. That will give you a sense of the value-add to your home equity that a renovation might represent. </p> <p>Be honest with yourself about the total cost of renovation. There are myriad expenses not always initially apparent. These may include:</p> <ul> <li>planning fees (the cost of getting a development assessed by council)</li> <li>the cost of architectural drawings</li> <li>consultants’ fees for environmental impact statements or arborists’ reports</li> <li>extra costs due to a heritage listing</li> <li>renting, if it’s not possible to live at home during renovation</li> <li>the cost of protecting underground public assets such as water or sewerage pipes</li> <li>extra costs caused by poor access or other limitations.</li> </ul> <p>Consider the possible long-term savings of retrofitting your home to be more energy-efficient. Proper insulation, secondary glazing, draught excluders and solar PV energy are expensive upfront but will save on long term running costs. It’s likely, as energy costs increase, homes that are at least partially off grid will be more attractive and valuable over time. </p> <p>And remember that for some, even with help from HomeBuilder, renovation won’t stack up economically.</p> <p>Some older people may eschew home renovation to put money aside to help children get a foot on the property ladder. </p> <p>Others may decide potentially expensive renovation is worth it to hold onto a family home to which children return as they get older. It might sound sentimental but the idea of Christmas in the family homestead is worth it, for some. </p> <h2>Tax considerations</h2> <p>Find out what tax breaks, if any, you might be eligible for if you renovate to divide the family home into a smaller space (if you’re keen to downsize, or enhance the accessibility of your home, for example) and adding a self-contained granny flat. </p> <p>However, if the granny flat is leased out, this section of the home would be considered income-producing. Your “main residence” is generally <a href="https://www.ato.gov.au/General/Capital-gains-tax/Your-home-and-other-real-estate/Your-main-residence/">exempt</a> from capital gains tax when it comes time to sell, but you may not qualify entirely for this exemption if a section of the property is income-producing.</p> <p>You may also consider remodelling the family home into a duplex and, depending on council planning laws, convert the title into dual occupancy. However, these suggestions may complicate eligibility for the HomeBuilder grant (which seems to exclude property investors, although there’s no mention of partly converting the main place into a dual occupancy). </p> <p>The best option here is to seek advice from a tax specialist.</p> <h2>Factors to consider if you’re thinking of selling up and buying elsewhere</h2> <p>Use a <a href="https://www.realestate.com.au/home-loans/stamp-duty-calculator">stamp-duty calculator</a> and <a href="https://www.localagentfinder.com.au/selling-costs-calculator">cost-of-selling calculator</a> to get a rough idea of those costs.</p> <p>How important is proximity to work? Particularly if the coronavirus pandemic has opened your (or your employer’s) eyes to working remotely, would you consider a move to a more remote area where you can afford a bigger house?</p> <p>Chat with a range of real estate agents and get into the habit of reading market media coverage. Have a sense of what houses sell for that featured your desired attributes (such as more bedrooms or off-street parking). </p> <p>As a chartered building surveyor, I’d advise would-be downsizers to be cautious when buying a brand new high-rise apartment, due to risks of potentially costly defects that might become apparent over time. </p> <p>And remember, even if you do sell and buy a new place, very few are able to find the perfect home. You may decide to make renovations anyway.</p> <p>There are no easy answers. It comes down to your individual circumstances, your attitude to risk and ensuring you have a good grasp of the relative costs of each option. </p> <p>Talk to a financial adviser, tax accountant, real estate agents, builders, architects and others who have been through each process about what they’d do differently next time.</p> <p><em>Image credits: Getty Images</em></p> <p><em>This article originally appeared on <a href="https://theconversation.com/what-adds-value-to-your-house-how-to-decide-between-renovating-and-selling-140627" target="_blank" rel="noopener">The Conversation</a>. </em></p>

Home Hints & Tips

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Why Bruce Springsteen decided to sell his music rights

<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In one of the biggest music rights acquisition deals, Bruce Springsteen has sold his entire music catalogue to Sony Music Entertainment for a reported $500 million. </span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The deal included both the Boss’ recording and publishing assets, leaving many asking why the deal was brokered in the first place. </span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">With many musicians opting to sell their song rights for a hefty price, there are many factors that make catalogue sales an appealing option.</span></p> <p><strong>The money</strong></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">For Bruce Springsteen, the money involved in the sale is one aspect that is difficult to turn down. </span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Especially when the $500 million pay cheque is reportedly 30 times the annual royalty payments received by the 20-time Grammy winner. </span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">With many selling their music rights for a huge once-off compensation payment, the selling price is often a lot higher than their annual income from royalties, record sales, or touring. </span></p> <p><strong>Estate planning</strong></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The Boss’ sale could also be a way to future-proof his inheritance. </span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Physical assets such as cash and property are much easier to pass on to a nominated heir than a complex basket of music rights that span several decades. </span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Others have been entangled in lengthy legal battles for music rights of a deceased artist, namely James Brown and Sonny Bono, with music estates being the hottest commodity for some to fight over. </span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;"></span><strong>Tax planning</strong></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">As outlined by </span><a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/robertwood/2021/12/20/bruce-springsteen-tells-irs-whos-boss-in-500m-sony-sale-taxed-as-capital-gain/?sh=7ec15b6c68e3"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Forbes</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, Springsteen’s sale could have been associated with potential tax benefits. </span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In layman's terms, the federal capital gain tax rate in the US is currently at 20%, but runs the risk of being hiked to 43.4% for those who earn more than $1 million in a proposal by The White House. </span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Because of this and other possible tax jumps, as well as the fact that royalties are already taxed as “ordinary income”, Springsteen will receive more money in his pocket after one huge pay out, rather than opt to cash in his royalties annually. </span></p> <p><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">Image credits: Getty Images </span></em></p>

Music

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How Noodle the pug decides the daily outlook for millions of people

<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Is it a bones day or a no bones day?</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">One small pug knows the answer, and is using his knowledge to help millions of people on TikTok dictate what kind of day they will have. </span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Noodle, who is a 13-year-old rescue dog belonging to Jonathan Graziano, wakes up each morning and has his morning routine filmed. </span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Jonathan, who is a social media manager in New York City, sits Noodle upright so he can see if Noodle stands up on his own. </span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">If Noodle can stand up, then it's a “bones day”, but if he flops back over in his bed, it's a “no bones day”. </span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Jonathan says that if it’s a bones day, you should get up and make the most of your day and do the thing you’ve been putting off. </span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">If it’s a no bones day, Noodle’s prophecy is the perfect opportunity to implement self-care and take a day off from any strenuous activities. </span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">With over four million followers on TikTok and each “daily reading” racking up millions of views, Noodle has quickly become an online sensation. </span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">“I had absolutely no idea this would become the barometer in which the nation foretold how their day was going to go,” Jonathan said.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Many followers have reached out to Jonathan to let him know how they have lived their lives according to Noodle, such as proposing to a girlfriend or asking for a raise at work.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">“People have told me it’s a reason they buy lottery tickets and they’ve won a ton of money,” Graziano said.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">According to </span><span style="font-weight: 400;">Neil Dagnall, a reader in applied cognitive psychology at Manchester Metropolitan University in England, Noodle’s readings are providing people with a sense of routine. </span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">He said, “Life is full of uncertainty and Noodle’s actions provide a form of guidance and reassurance to some people.”</span></p> <p><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">Image credits: TikTok @jongraz</span></em></p>

Family & Pets

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How I decided that cancer was not my enemy

<p><em><strong><a href="http://www.karinagodwin.com)" target="_blank"><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Karina Godwin</span></a> is considered by many as one of the most gifted healers of our times with an international clientele. She mastered significant life change due to trauma and most recently after facing a highly aggressive and rare cancer.</strong></em></p> <p>I remember the day I was diagnosed with cancer like it was yesterday… its memory has been engraved into my brain. I woke up tired, and just like every morning wearily contemplated the long list of items on my ‘to do’ list for work and home. I caught up with a group of girlfriends over breakfast and laughed and moaned over our collective wins and problems. It seemed just like any other morning as I drove to my weekly myotherapy treatment.</p> <p>And that’s where my normal went out the window, where my definition of normal failed to be something I knew and became a confusing flurry of doctors and tests and firsts. My life would never be the same again. Inside my abdomen was hiding a tumour the size of a small football, that had just compressed my other organs enough to cause me to arch upwards in pain.</p> <p>When I got the call from my doctor telling me that I needed to get to a hospital urgently, it was because the probable diagnosis was a very rare and aggressive cancer that had low rates of recovery. My fifteen years of nursing flashed through my mind as I saw the few people I’d seen with that kind of cancer and the poor outcomes they’d experienced. Every day counted when it was this serious.</p> <p>I was beyond terrified as I contemplated not seeing my ten-year-old grow up or grandchildren from our five children… normal just got nasty and I didn’t like it!</p> <p>At the hospital, I tried to focus closely on what I was hearing as they did all the tests. It helped that they spoke medical talk to me that I interpreted for my husband to understand, but nothing they had to say was reassuring. I had a fight on my hands no matter which way you looked at it.</p> <p>We took our time to process the news, but we had to act fast. With my background in both nursing and alternative therapies, I knew that attitude was everything, and could well make the difference to my survival. I knew that I had to be careful of what I said and how I said it, to enable me to find some sort of positivity. This extended to how I interacted with those around me. We decided there and then to filter what we were telling people and for the time being limit it to the need to know, as this would help. I knew that those around me would be shattered, so we were choosy about who and what we told. I needed to get my head around things first.</p> <p>It was so incredibly important for me to see the cancer for what it was and what I’d always believed it to be… and that is a wakeup call! I’ve never believed that you’re sick because you have cancer, I believed that you get cancer because something in your body isn’t right. My immune system was either not working and/or struggling to cope with the disease.  I gave up sugar and preservatives and began to fill my diet with fresh water, vegetables and fruit, to provide it with the nutrients to feed my immune system’s ability to fight.</p> <p>I decided that cancer was not my enemy, and chose to change my lifestyle to assist my body to do what it was made to do: heal and protect the body. I focused upon actions that were empowering, for I knew that the whole process of cancer and its treatments could be disempowering and even soul destroying. I was convinced that I knew a better way which could support me during the most challenging time of my life.</p> <p>The greatest secret to my recovery was my attitude. I knew that it was more serious than I could imagine and that the odds were against me. I also knew through my work in healing that what I focused upon would increase, so I tried to focus on what I could find that was positive. We had found my cancer, Melbourne has one of the world-leading surgeons for this type of cancer, I had my husband and a great support network and I wasn’t dead yet. That was important, because my fear wanted to take me to my funeral. I tried to be calm but the reality was that my fear was rampant.</p> <p>Years ago, when healing my clients with anxiety through Meliae Intuitive Healing, I created a technique I called fear mastery, to enable them to exist through their fear. Now it was my turn. I would notice when I was in fear (which in the beginning was almost all the time), and I would talk to it and tell it that I was in charge now and to stop it. I started imagining that I could breathe past the confines of my lungs and imagined breathing into my fear, and where I was feeling it in my body. I would keep breathing until the fear eased and I became more peaceful. I did this every time I felt fear rising and it worked. I could think now and I could work on my plan.</p> <p>I saw so many doctors and medicos. My husband came to them all, holding my hand, holding me steady and taking notes. I can’t tell you what a difference that made, for when I faltered I would see his scared smile and know that it was possible to be ok regardless of what happened to me. And wow, was a lot going to happen. I worked through my options and chose to initially combine surgery with Meliae Intuitive Healing and lifestyle changes. There wasn’t a lot to choose from, but I wanted to be sure I believed in everything I chose for my treatment. I had worked with cancer clients before and was confident I could heal the causes of the tumour and the energy imbalances that contributed to it.</p> <p>My choices wouldn’t have been everyone’s treatment path and that became abundantly clear with everyone expressing their opinion. I heard through the grapevine that I would die because I was choosing healing over chemotherapy! Fascinating really, especially as chemotherapy was not an option, as it simply doesn’t work with my type of tumour. I knew they meant well, but I also knew that I had to do what was right for me. If they only knew how they were contributing to my fear!</p> <p>As I embarked upon my treatment, I had the massive surgery over several hours, supported by distant energy healing, and survived it. The first step was done, now to my recovery. It didn’t go so well, with serious complications taking a month to clear to finally go home. With the exception of one, every one of those days saw me positive, as I managed my fear through the fear mastery technique. I allowed myself to fall apart and feel the worst of my fears and I continue to use those same techniques.</p> <p>If you, or someone you love has just been diagnosed with cancer, here are my suggestions to stay positive:</p> <ol start="1"> <li>Breathe, it’ll help you be clear on what to do.</li> <li>Take a loved one or friend with you to your appointments for support to take notes.</li> <li>Notice your fear and use the above fear mastery technique.</li> <li>Believe that you can survive regardless of what you’re facing, I did!</li> <li>Listen carefully to what the Doctors are saying, their knowledge is valuable and ask as many questions as many times as you need until you understand.</li> <li>Do not Google: it doesn’t help at all and only makes things worse. According to Google, I should be dead!</li> <li>Embrace whatever treatment you decide is right for you.</li> <li>Don’t limit yourself, explore all the options for treatment and support of your body, mind and spirit. Many will combine to create great results.</li> <li>Meditate, it helps with the fear, clarity and being positive.</li> </ol> <p>Cancer has its challenges and I’d never say I enjoyed the ride, but it has made me a better person. I survived despite the odds I was given; I just chose to not be one of the people who didn’t make it. Those odds didn’t apply to me as far as I was concerned, they related to people in the past. I wish you well on your journey…. and don’t forget to breathe!</p>

Caring

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How airlines decide when to kick passengers off a flight

<p>Examples of passengers being removed from flights have gained increased attention since the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks, which began with the hijacking of four commercial planes. After the attacks, flight personnel suddenly found themselves focusing more attention on identifying potentially dangerous passengers than serving drinks and snacks.</p> <p>"Nobody enjoys kicking passengers off planes," said Heather Poole, a longtime flight attendant and author of a book about her job, titled Cruising Attitude. "Nobody wants to be the reason a flight is delayed."</p> <p>Airlines have the authority to boot passengers from planes under the contract of carriage, a lengthy agreement between passengers and airlines that includes a section about banned behaviour.</p> <p>Southwest Airlines' contract of carriage, for instance, is 41 pages and has been revised multiple times, most recently in February. Such contracts usually are found online, and passengers consent when they buy an airline ticket.</p> <p>Airline contracts usually describe prohibited passenger behaviour in vague terms such as "disorderly," "offensive," "abusive" and "intimidating," giving flight crew members the ultimate decision on what specific acts are out of bounds.</p> <p>Flight attendants, who generally make the first assessment, said they worry that ignoring a potential problem passenger on the tarmac could lead to a bigger disturbance at 35,000 feet in the air that means diverting a flight.</p> <p>Marian Bruns, a retired flight attendant from United Airlines and secretary-treasurer for the Retiree Association of Flight Attendants, said flight attendants took classes on the latest security measures and routinely underwent cultural sensitivity training.</p> <p>Although flight attendants said they were placed in a difficult position determining which passengers could be a disturbance - or worse, a threat - they said a passenger's attitude often was what determined who got kicked off a plane. Such a decision frequently is made after conferring with other crew members, including the pilot.</p> <p>"If a passenger is not cooperating verbally or being rude to a crew members, we take all of that into consideration," said James Allen, a spokesman for the Association of Flight Attendants, an organisation that represents nearly 60,000 flight attendants.</p> <p>Bruns agreed that "attitude is one thing we look for".</p> <p>Strange or aggressive behaviour could be more than just bad manners, Allen said. It could be a sign of drug use, mental illness or a stroke.</p> <p>"We don't know why they are acting the way they are acting," he said.</p> <p>But a passenger who displays a bad attitude toward the flight crew usually ends up being escorted off the plane, airline insiders said.</p> <p>In 2011, Billie Joe Armstrong, the frontman for the band Green Day, said he was approached by a flight attendant just before takeoff on a Southwest flight from Oakland to Burbank, California, who told him to pull up his baggy pants. Witnesses said Armstrong responded: "Don't you have better things to worry about?"</p> <p>He reportedly refused to pull up his pants and cursed before he was escorted off the plane.</p> <p>In March, news reports said that two Muslim women were removed from a JetBlue flight when it landed in Los Angeles because they had been staring at a flight attendant. The airline later said the women were instead taken off the plane and questioned because they were caught filming in-flight safety procedures</p> <p>"Our crew members' first priority is the safe and secure operation of our flights, and as a security precaution, are asked to be aware of anyone who may be filming or taking photographs of in-flight procedures or the flight deck area," JetBlue said in a statement.</p> <p>In the recent case of Khairuldeen Makhzoomi, the UC Berkeley student said he was removed from a Southwest flight from Los Angeles to Oakland on April 6 because another passenger overheard him speaking Arabic in a cellphone conversation with his uncle.</p> <p>Makhzoomi said he was talking about a Los Angeles event he attended where United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon was a speaker. In other accounts, Makhzoomi said he told his uncle how he asked a question during the event about Islamic State.</p> <p>Makhzoomi was escorted off the plane and interviewed by airport police and the FBI.</p> <p>A spokesman for the Los Angeles World Airports Police said another Arabic speaker on the plane said Makhzoomi was overheard mentioning the name of a terrorist organisation in the phone conversation.</p> <p>"The individual found the comments alarming and disturbing," officer Rob Pedregon said. But he added that the police did not have enough evidence to substantiate the claim.</p> <p>In a statement, Southwest said the flight crew followed protocol to "investigate and report to law enforcement agencies any potential threat to civil aviation."</p> <p>The airline added: "It was the content of the passenger's conversation, not the language used, that prompted the report leading to our investigation."</p> <p>After Makhzoomi was interviewed by police and FBI agents, Southwest said, the airline refunded his unused ticket.</p> <p>Although social media makes it seem as if passenger ejections happen all the time, Federal Aviation Administration data show that airlines reported unruly passengers on only 82 flights in 2015 out of about 9.6 million flights a year. That number peaked in 2004 at 310 reports.</p> <p>Have you ever seen someone kicked off a flight?</p> <p><em>Written by Hugo Martin. First appeared on <a href="http://www.stuff.co.nz/" target="_blank"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Stuff.co.nz</span></strong></a>. </em></p>

Travel Tips

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Why we decided NOT to move into a retirement village

<p>Retiree Dorothy Webster has dipped her toes into retirement village living. Here she explains why you must do the maths before signing the dotted line.</p> <p>After spending a working life paying off your mortgage and/or accumulating savings, there comes a time when you wonder how you are going to live in old age without parting with your hard-earned capital? I have been investigating the choices for retirement.</p> <p>There is the lifestyle choice of going to live in a retirement village but the terms can vary considerably. Some places I researched are a bit kinder, you purchase the property and when it is sold you get the capital gain less a commission for selling it. Both of these options have a weekly fee for the use of services such as swimming pool, club house, workshop etc.</p> <p>The villages in Australia have a variety of terms so it pays to read the small print. They also have contracts that require exit fees when you leave. They all expect you to leave the property in excellent condition so a coat of paint and either a commercial carpet clean or replacement is also at your cost.</p> <p>However, if you go into a village as husband and wife and one of you becomes ill and needs to be moved into the care facility the costs will increase substantially. You will still have to pay the weekly fee for your property and use of their facilities plus you could have to find approximately $1000 a week for care of your spouse. When they are getting the capital gain as well you could soon see your life savings disappearing fast.</p> <p>We always intended leaving a paid-up house to our two sons to help them cope with inflation so we were very cautious about checking out the retirement villages. They are very sociable places to live and the one I stayed at with a friend in was very friendly.</p> <p>Another aspect of this is if you want a change of retirement village after say ten years, which a friend did after her husband passed away. People are living longer these days so leave yourself options and do not get stuck in a deal where you have lost control of your life.</p> <p>Alternatively if you have a good circle of friends and you have a home that is handy to facilities like a good supermarket, a working men's club, a medical clinic and chemist that you can reach with a short walk I feel that is a safer choice. I still drive but I see pensioners waiting outside the supermarket for taxis home after shopping. That must add a lot to the shopping bill and even if you have a handy bus service you would not want to carry a lot of groceries on the bus when you are getting on in age.</p> <p>We never know when the doctor will decide we can no longer drive either from memory or eyesight problems. If you do not live near shops I would strongly recommend getting a small computer capable of internet so you can order your food online and have it delivered. Not just for the convenience, it actually saves you money as you are not tempted by any impulse buys that happen when in the store.</p> <p>Safety is an issue too which is probably why a lot of people prefer the villages but a good dog can help with that problem. There is help available in your own home if one of you becomes ill.</p> <p>Another reason we decided against moving to a village were the rules. We have solar panels on our roof and we have changed things on our section and house to suit ourselves which you cannot do in a village. I also like to grow my own edibles, both fruit and vegetables. I like to have a bit of garden to potter about in if I feel like it without too much maintenance.</p> <p>I cannot have lots of flowers as they have in these villages as I am a hayfever sufferer so I have a low allergy garden. I also have a dog who keeps me fit and is great company. Most homes allow you to bring an existing dog but you cannot replace them if they should die.</p> <p>If you are thinking about moving to a village I would advise you to make a list of advantages and disadvantages and check out their contracts and do the sums. After all it took most of your lifetime to earn it so do not be easily parted with your home or savings.</p> <p><em>Written by Dorothy Webster. First appeared on <a rel="noopener" href="http://www.stuff.co.nz/" target="_blank"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Stuff.co.nz</span></strong></a>. </em></p>

Retirement Income

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When I retired I decided to open up my home to students

<p><em><strong>Over60 community member, Marilyn Sanderson, 66, shares her wonderful experience hosting two international students through the Lions Youth Exchange in retirement.</strong></em></p> <p>“The idea of hosting an international student at some point in my life has been an appealing one but as serial house renovators and owner builders we were not really in a position to do so. Come retirement and my husband and I found ourselves with a large house with bedrooms to spare so when we were approached to host international students through the Lions Youth Exchange we decided to embrace the opportunity. As we were empty nesters living on a rural block we decided that it would be good to host two students so that they would be company for each other.</p> <p>My initial thought was to host two teenage boys as I am use to relating to boys having only sons, brothers and nephews. We also thought that boys would find more activities to keep themselves occupied. As it transpired we hosted a 17 year old Turkish boy, Eray, and a 17 year old Italian girl, Bea, and this combination worked beautifully.</p> <p>The Lions Clubs International Exchange program operates camps in Victoria, NSW and Queensland.  Usually students spend three weeks with a host family and then a week at camp where they meet with other students from all over the world. Bea went to Queensland to attend her camp near Proserpine while Eray went to a camp on the shores of Lake Macquarie.</p> <p>As we are not “Lions” we needed a Lions Club to sponsor the students and Raymond Terrace Lions stepped up to the plate and did so. The club also invited the students to be guest speakers at their dinner meeting and both students charmed and impressed the members. We also needed working with children clearance to host students under 18.</p> <p>We spent three stimulating weeks with these amazing young people and in many ways it was better than playing tourist in some overseas destination. They were so appreciative of having the opportunity and of our efforts to make their experience a memorable one for all the right reasons. We had so many interesting conversations on a plethora of topics which gave us a new widow on the world. We shared meals, swapped recipes, played cards, socialised with friends (especially those with teenagers), played tourist and laughed a lot. As urban dwellers both students enjoyed helping out with some of the tasks demanded by rural living.</p> <p>The one thing we would we do differently in the future would be to enlist the help of members of the sponsoring Lions Club so that we didn’t assume responsibility for all the activities. We were new to the experience as was RT Lions Club. We agreed that arranging for the students to spend at least some time with Lions members would have been desirable on a number of levels.</p> <p>We have stayed in contact with both our guest. I think Bea best expressed the experience when she wrote (in English!)</p> <p>‘There's so much wild and powerful nature in Queensland, and thanks to the camp I experienced some of the best part of it. I did scuba diving in the Great Barrier Reef, I went ocean rafting in the Whitsundays, where I saw the most spectacular beach of my life: sand had the same color and consistency of snow, I swear. In the lake next to us we had fun doing tubing and sea jet driving, and on the camp oval we did activities (such) as relays that included groveling in ponds full of wallaby's poo  and jumping  through a suspended wheel. I felt like in Full Metal Jacket movie, preparing for the army, and later I discovered that one of the directors of the camp was a retired army pilot. I came to know so many people from all over the world! And everybody was kind, open-minded and very curious, the atmosphere was absolutely positive and stimulating. The only things that I was missing at the camp were you two and Hazelwood. I realized that with you I created an everyday life that had the smell of home. The three weeks I spent with you dug an indelible cosy place in my heart.’</p> <p>It dug an indelible cosy part in both our hearts too.”</p> <p><em>If you’re interested in finding more about the Lions Australia Youth Exchange program, <a href="http://lionsclubs.org.au/activities/youth/ye/%20" target="_blank"><span style="text-decoration: underline;">visit their website here</span></a>.</em></p> <p><strong>Related links:</strong></p> <p><em><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="/lifestyle/retirement-life/2015/12/questions-to-ask-before-retiring/">The questions everyone needs to ask themself before retiring</a></span></strong></em></p> <p><em><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="/lifestyle/retirement-life/2015/11/retirement-good-for-health-study/">Retirement boosts happiness and health</a></span></strong></em></p> <p><em><strong><a href="/lifestyle/retirement-life/2015/03/we-moved-to-a-farm/"><span style="text-decoration: underline;">We left suburbia to move to a farm… the best decision we ever made</span></a></strong></em></p> <p> </p>

Retirement Life